Question

do changes in temperature, pressure, and volume affect gases more than they affect solids and liquids

Answer 1

Yes the changes in temperature, pressure and volume change the physical properties of gases a lot.

As the temperature changes, internal energy of the material changes.  It changes by the same amount in gases or solids or liquids.  It is a function of temperature.

Pressure changes in gases changes the temperature and volume a lot.  However, the pressure changes in liquids and solids does not change them as much.  This is because of the stronger bonds between the neighboring molecules in liquids and solids.  In gases these attractions are not much.

Volume of  a solid does not change much when a lot of pressure is applied.  But a liquid contracts a little bit more than solids,  when a lot of pressure is applied on it.  The volume of solid changes more significantly even when change in pressure is small.

This is due to the  value of  Bulk Modulus G  of the substance.

Answer 2

Yes the changes in temperature, pressure and volume change the physical properties of gases a lot. 
As heat energy increases kineic energy of a substance is directly proportional to amount of heat supplied.The totlat energy of molecules is called internal energy