Question

Do you think that each new nation, which wants to have industrialization must have compete with other nations? ​

Answer 1

Answer:

This chapter discusses various ways in which different countries and regions created their own path of economic development and industrialization, and the role the state played in them. The diffusion of industrialization over the last two centuries saw the emergence of a three-tier division of labour where capital-intensive industrialization, labour-intensive industrialization and the export economy of primary products characterized each region that has been integrated into the world economy. Among the countries of late development Japan in the late nineteenth century pursued labour-intensive industrialization, as its competitive advantage lay in the quality of labour relative to capital. In the twentieth century many countries pursued the state-led industrialization with emphasis on capital-intensive industries. In the late twentieth century, however, the developmental state such as Japan and NIEs pursued ‘developmentalism’, which combined imported resources including fossil fuels with competitive domestic resources such as labour of a good quality and natural resources such as water and biomass. It was important for the emerging state to create local, regional and long-distance trade to secure necessary resources for industrialization. The growth of intra-Asian trade ensured regional industrialization, while the proportion of intra-regional trade in Sub-Saharan Africa has been low until very recently. The experience of Southeast Asia shows the possibility of rapid structural transformation from the primary producer to the industrial region.

Explanation:

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