does anyone know the rules of discours apporte
Answers
Learning to use proper grammar is an important part of studying the French language. One element of that is direct and indirect speech, or when you are speaking about what someone else has said.
There are a few grammar rules that you should know when it comes to these styles of speech and this French grammar lesson will walk you through the basics.
French Direct and Indirect Speech (Discours direct et indirect)
In French, there are two different ways to express the words of another person: direct speech (or direct style) and indirect speech (indirect style).
In direct speech, you are quoting the words of another person.
In indirect speech, you are referencing what another person has said without quoting them directly.
Direct Speech (Discours direct)
Direct speech is very simple. You will use it to impart the exact words of the original speaker are reported in quotes.
Paul dit : « J'aime les fraises ». - Paul says, "I like strawberries."
Lise répond : « Jean les déteste ». - Lisa replies, "Jean hates them."
« Jean est stupide » déclare Paul.* - "Jean is stupid" Paul declares.
Notice the use of « » around the quoted sentences. The quotation marks used in English (" ") don't exist in French, instead the guillemets (« ») are used.
Indirect Speech (Discours indirect)
In indirect speech, the original speaker's words are reported without quotes in a subordinate clause (introduced by que).
Paul dit qu'il aime les fraises. - Paul says that he loves strawberries.
Lise répond que Jean les déteste. - Lisa replies that Jean hates them.
Paul déclare que Jean est stupide. - Paul declares that Jean is stupid.
The rules associated with indirect speech are not as simple as they are with direct speech and this subject requires further examination.