Question

Does inclined plane and gear is excluded for 10th ICSE 2018 physics

Answer 1

There is one paper of two hours duration carrying 80 marks and Internal Assessment of practical work carrying 20 marks. The paper is divided into two sections: Section I (40 marks) and Section II (40 marks).
Section I (compulsory) contains short answer questions on the entire syllabus. Section II contains six questions. You are required to answer any four of these six questions.
1. Force, Work, Energy and Power
(i) Contact and non-contact forces; cgs & SI units.
Examples of contact forces (frictional force, normal reaction force, tension force as applied through strings and force exerted during collision) and non-contact forces (gravitational, electric and magnetic). General properties of non-contact forces. cgs and SI units of force and their relation, Gravitational unit. [No numerical problems]
(ii) Turning forces concept; moment of a force; forces in equilibrium; centre of gravity; (discussions using simple examples and simple direct problems).
Elementary introduction of translation and rotation; moment (turning effect) of a force, also called torque and its cgs and SI units; common examples - door, steering wheel, bicycle pedal, etc.; clockwise and anticlockwise moments; conditions for a body to be in equilibrium (translational and rotational); principle of moment and its verification using a metre rule suspended by two spring balances with slotted weights hanging from it; simple numerical problems; Centre of gravity (qualitative only) with examples of some regular bodies and irregular lamina (students should be encouraged to try it out).
(iii) Uniform circular motion.
As example of constant speed, though acceleration (force) is present. Basic idea of centrifugal and centripetal force (qualitative only).
(iv) Machines as force multipliers ; load, effort, mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency; simple treatment of levers, inclined plane and pulley systems showing the utility of each type of machine.
Functions and uses of simple machines: Terms - effort E, load L, mechanical advantage MA = L/E, velocity ratio VR = V /V = d /d , input (Wi), output (Wo), efficiency (η), relation between η and MA,VR; for all practical machines η<1; MA<VR.
Lever: principle. First, second and third class of levers; examples: MA and VR in each case. Examples of each of these classes of levers as found in the human body.
Pulley system; simple fixed, single movable, combination of movable pulleys, block and tackle; MA, VR and η in each case. [No derivation details.] Gear (toothed wheel) - practical applications in watches, vehicles, uphill, downhill motion, (no numerical).
Inclined plane: MA, VR and η. [derivation not required]. Utility of each type of machine. Simple numerical problems.
(v) Work, energy, power and their relation with force.
Definition of work. W FS cosθ; special cases of θ = 0°, 90°. W= mgh. Definition of energy, energy as work done. Various units of work and energy and their relation with SI units.[erg, calorie, kW h and eV]. Definition of Power, P=W/t; SI and cgs units; other units, kilowatt (kW), megawatt (MW) and gigawatt (GW); and horse power (1hp=746W) [Simple numerical problems on work, power and energy].
(vi) Different types of energy (e.g., chemical energy, Mechanical energy, heat energy, electrical energy, nuclear energy, sound energy, light energy).
Mechanical energy: potential energy (U) gravitational, due to change in configuration, examples; kinetic energy K= ½ mv (derive); forms of kinetic energy; translational , rotational and vibrational - only simple examples. [Numerical problems on K and U only in case of translational motion ]; qualitative discussions of electrical, chemical, heat, nuclear, light and sound energy, conversion from one form to another; common examples.
(vii) Energy sources.
Solar, wind, water and nuclear energy (only qualitative discussion of steps to produce electricity). Renewable versus non-renewable sources (elementary ideas with example).
Renewable energy: biogas, solar energy, wind energy, energy from falling of water, run-of-the river schemes, energy from waste, tidal energy, etc. Issues of economic viability and ability to meet demands.
Non-renewable energy - coal, oil, natural gas. Inequitable use of energy in urban and rural areas. Use of hydroelectrical powers for light and tube wells.
Energy degradation - In all energy transformations some energy is lost to surroundings which is not useful for any productive work (day to day examples).
(viii) Principle of Conservation of energy.
Statement: Total energy of an isolated system remains constant; OR energy can be converted from one form to another but it cannot be created or destroyed. Theoretical verification that U + K = constant for a freely falling body. Application of this law to simple pendulum (qualitative only); simple numerical problems.