Question

Does the protonema contain any structure? If so what might they be?

Answer 1

The protonema, which resembles a filamentous structure of algae, is created when moss spores germinate. While the protonema is expanding by apical cell division, the phytohormone cytokinin eventually induces buds that expand by three-faced apical cell division.

What is protonema:

• In the first stage of the gametophyte's development (the haploid phase) in the life cycle of mosses, a protonema (plural: protonemata) is a thread-like chain of cells.

• As a moss develops from a spore, it begins as a germ tube that lengthens and branches into a filamentous complex called a protonema.

• This filamentous complex then transforms into a leafy gametophore, which is the mature form of a gametophyte in bryophytes.

• Both chloronemata and caulonemata, which later differentiate from chloronemata and on which buds are generated, which eventually differentiate to gametophores, make up the protonemata of mosses.

#SPJ3