Draw a labelled diagram of Van de Graaff generator. State its working principle to show how by introducing a small charged sphere into a larger sphere, a large amount of charge can be transferred to the outer sphere. State the use of this machine and also point out its limitations.
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Van de Graaff generator:
The diagram for Van de Graaff generator is attached below.
1 = Large spherical sphere
2 = Pointed metal comb = Collecting comb
3 = Pulley
4 = Insulating material
5 = Insulating material
6 = Pulley
7 = Pointed metal comb = Spray comb
Working principle:
When charge is passed through the hollow conductor, charges are transferred to the outer surface and uniformly distributed.
Working of Van de Graaff generator
- When spray comb is given positive potential, the positive charges get sprayed on the insulating material.
- The insulating material is rotated with pulleys.
- When the sprayed charges are moved towards collecting comb, the negative charges are induced at the sharp ends and positive charges are induced in the other end of the comb.
- Charges at the other end of the comb is moved to the outer surface of the hollow sphere.
- Due to discharging effect of the sharp end, the positive charge in the belt is neutralised.
- Now, the belt without charge moves downward, again same process takes place.
- This is continued till the voltage difference of 6 to 8 million volts are built up.
Use of Van de Graaff generator:
The high potential difference is required to accelerate charged particles. This is used in nuclear disintegration.
Limitations of Van de Graaff generator:
- This generator can only accelerate charged particles.
- In this method, there is only one path for the movement of the charged particles.
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