Draw Age and sex pyramids of Nigeria and Australia and write the characteristics of population.
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Humanities › Geography
Age-Sex and Population Pyramids
The Most Useful Graphs in Population Geography
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People stacked into a pyramid.
grendelkhan/Flickr/CC BY 2.0
By Matt Rosenberg
Updated December 12, 2019
The most important demographic characteristic of a population is its age-sex structure—the distribution of people's age and sex in a specific region. Age-sex pyramids (also known as population pyramids) graphically display this information to improve understanding and make comparison easy. When displaying a growing population, they sometimes have a distinctive pyramid-like shape.
How to Read an Age-Sex Graph
An age-sex pyramid breaks down a country's or location's population into male and female genders and age ranges. Usually, you'll find the left side of the pyramid graphing the male population and the right side of the pyramid displaying the female population.
Along the horizontal axis (x-axis) of a population pyramid, the graph displays the population number. It can represent a total population of that age—the total number of males/females who are of a certain age. Or, the number can stand for a percentage of the population at that age—how many percent of the entire population are of a certain age. The center of the pyramid starts at zero population and extends out to the left for males and right for females in increasing size or proportion of the population.
Along the vertical axis (y-axis), age-sex pyramids display five-year age increments, from birth at the bottom to old age at the top.
Some Graphs Actually Look Like a Pyramid
Generally, when a population is growing steadily, the longest bars of the graph will appear at the bottom of the pyramid and will generally decrease in length as the top of the pyramid is reached. This indicates a large population of infants and children, which declines toward the top of the pyramid due to the death rate.
Age-sex pyramids graphically display long-term trends in the birth and death rates but also reflect shorter-term baby-booms, wars, and epidemics.
Three basic types of population pyramids show how different trends are displayed.
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Rapid Growth