Question

Draw an expression for the potential energy of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field explain condition for stable and unstable equilibrium

Answer 1

At parallel, the potential is as negative as it gets and the body likes that, plus the torque acting on it is also zero, so the position is termed "stable equilibrium". A dipole in a uniform electric field is in stable or unstable equilibrium according as the angle between the dipole and electric field is 0 or 180.