Question

draw and explain the generalised structure of viruses

Answer 1

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A virus is an acellular agent that is infectious, it is small and has one or many pieces of nucleic acid. It can infect humans, animals, plants and bacteria and cause disease. Viruses have a much simpler structure then a bacteria. They do not have cell membranes and are made up of only a few organic molecules. Viruses and viroids do not carry out metabolism, such as transport of nutrients across a cell membrane.
The major viral characteristics: type of genetic material (DNA or RNA, single or double stranded), viral size, capsid structure and target host are used to determine how best to classify a virus.
Viral genomes can be linear, one piece or several molecules of nucleic acid (similar to eukaryotic chromosomes).
Not all viruses are as specific to a host (although most are). Some can infect many different hosts and different tissues within a host. An example of a “generalist” virus is rabies. Rabies can infect many different mammals from humans to dogs to bats.
Viruses have three basic capsid shapes: helical, polyhedral and complex.
An envelope surrounds certain viruses. Enveloped viruses acquire their envelope from the host cell during viral replication or when the viral is released from the cell.
A virion without an envelope is called a nonenveloped or naked virion.

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Answer 2

Answer:

A complete virus particle, known as a virion, consists of nucleic acid surrounded by a protective coat of protein called a capsid. These are formed from identical protein subunits called capsomeres. Viruses can have a lipid “envelope” derived from the host cell membrane. viruses are much smaller than bacteria.

Explanation:

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