draw metal activity series with metal element and reaction of metal with hydrochloric acid
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The reactivity series lists metals from the most reactive to the least reactive. A metal can displace a less reactive metal from its compounds. This is useful for extracting metals from their oxides.
Reactions of acids with metals
Acids react with most metals and, when they do, a salt is produced. But unlike the reaction between acids and bases, we do not get water. Instead we get hydrogen gas.
This is the general word equation for the reaction:
metal + acid → salt + hydrogen
For example, magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium chloride:
magnesium + hydrochloric acid → magnesium chloride + hydrogen
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
It doesn't matter which metal or which acid is used, if there is a reaction we always get hydrogen gas as well as the salt. However, how quickly the reaction goes depends on the metal used and how high up in the reactivity series it is.The reaction of a metal with acids gets faster the more reactive it is
The lab test for hydrogen
There is a simple laboratory test to see if a gas is hydrogen. A burning wooden splint goes pop if it is put into a test tube of hydrogen. This is because the flame ignites the hydrogen, which burns explosively to make a loud sound.
Displacement reactions
Displacement reactions involve a metal and a compound of a different metal. In a displacement reaction:
a more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its compounds
Displacement reactions are easily seen when a salt of the less reactive metal is in the solution. During the reaction:
the more reactive metal gradually disappears as it forms a solution
the less reactive metal coats the surface of the more reactive metal
For example, magnesium is more reactive than copper. When a piece of magnesium is dipped into blue copper sulfate solution:
the blue colour fades as colourless magnesium sulfate solution forms
brown copper coats the surface of the magnesium

Here are the equations for the reaction:
magnesium + copper sulfate → magnesium sulfate + copper
Mg + CuSO4 → MgSO4 + Cu
No reaction is seen if you do things the other way round – in other words, if you put copper powder into magnesium sulfate solution. This is because copper is not reactive enough to displace magnesium from magnesium sulfate.
Investigating displacement
You can investigate the reactivity of metals using displacement reactions. The table shows the results from a series of experiments involving four metals and solutions of their salts. A tick shows where there is a visible reaction and a cross shows where there is no visible reaction.