draw the circuit diagram of a hartley oscillator and explain its working
Answers
Answer:
The circuit diagram of a Hartley oscillator is shown in the below figure. An NPN transistor connected in a common emitter configuration works as the active device in amplifier stage. ... When the DC supply (Vcc) is given to the circuit, the collector current starts raising and begins with the charging of the capacitor C
Explanation:
Hartley oscillator circuit.
Hartley oscillator was invented in 1915 by the american engineer Ralph Hartley while he was working for the Western Electric company. The original design was tube based and he got a patent for it in the year 1920.
In a Hartley oscillator the oscillation frequency is determined by a tank circuit comprising of two inductors and one capacitor. The inductors are connected in series and the capacitor is connected across them in parallel. Hartley oscillators are commonly used in radio frequency (RF) oscillator applications and the recommended frequency range is from 20KHz to 30MHz. Hartley oscillators can be operated at frequencies lower than 20KHz, but for lower frequencies the inductor value need to be high and it has a practical limit. The circuit diagram of a typical Hartley oscillator is shown in the figure below.
hartley oscillator circuit
In the circuit diagram resistors R1 and R2 give a potential divider bias for the transistor Q1. Re is the emitter resistor, whose job is to provide thermal stability for the transistor. Ce is the emitter by pass capacitors, which by-passes the amplified AC signals. If the emitter by-pass capacitor not there, the amplified ac voltages will drop across Re and it will get added on to the base-emitter voltage of Q1 and will disrupt the biasing conditions. Cin is the input DC decoupling capacitor while Cout is the output DC decoupling capacitor. The task of a DC decoupling capacitor is to prevent DC voltages from reaching the succeeding stage. Inductor L1, L2 and capacitor C1 forms the tank circuit.
When the power supply is switched ON the transistor starts conducting and the collector current increases. As a result the capcitor C1 starts charging and when the capacitor C1 is fully charged it starts discharging through coil L1. This charging and discharging creates a series of damped oscillations in the tank circuit and it is the key.
The oscillations produced in the tank circuit is coupled (fed back) to the base of Q1 and it appears in the amplified form across the collector and emitter of the transistor. The output voltage of the transistor (voltage across collector and emitter) will be in phase with the voltage across inductor L1. Since the junction of two inductors is grounded, the voltage across L2 will be 180° out of phase to that of the voltage across L1. The voltage across L2 is actually fed back to the base of Q1. From this we can see that, the feed back voltage is 180° out of phase with the transistor and also the transistor itself will create another 180° phase difference. So the total phase difference between input and output is 360° and it is very important condition for creating sustained oscillations.
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