Dry fruit and explain succulent and composite fruit
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It is not easy to define a fruit. For a common man fruit means a sweet, juicy or pulpy, coloured, aromatic structure that encloses seed(s).
Botanically, a fruit develops from a ripe ovary or any floral parts on the basis of floral parts they develop, fruits may be true or false.
(i) True Fruits:
A true fruit or eucarp is a mature or ripened ovary, developed after fertilization, e.g., Mango, Maize, Grape etc. (Fig. 7.1 – A).
(ii) False Fruits:
A false fruit or pseudo-carp is derived from the floral parts other than ovary, e.g., peduncle in cashew-nut, thalamus in apple, pear, gourd and cucumber; fused perianth in mulberry and calyx in Dillenia (Or. Ou). Jack fruit and pine apple are also false fruits as they develop from the entire inflorescence. False fruits are also called spurious or accessory fruits (Fig. 7.1.-B).
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(iii) Parthenocarpic fruits:
These are seedless fruits that are formed without fertilization, e.g., Banana. Now a day many seedless grapes, oranges and water melones are being developed by horticulturists. Pomology is a branch of horticulture that deals with the study of fruits and their cultivation.
Morphology of a Typical Fruit:
A fruit consists of pericarp and seeds. Seeds are fertilized and ripened ovules. The pericarp develops from the ovary wall and may be dry or fleshy. When fleshy, pericarp is differentiated into outer epicarp, middle mesocarp and inner endocarp.
Types of Fruits:
On the basis of the above mentioned features, fruits are usually classified into three main groups:
(1) Simple,
(2) Aggregate and
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(3) Composite or Multiple fruits.
1. Simple Fruits:
When a single fruit develops from a single ovary of a single flower, it is called a simple fruit. The ovary may belong to a monocarpellary simple gynoecium or to a polycarpellary syncarpous gynoecium. There are two categories of simple fruits—dry and fleshy.
Simple fruits are of two types:
1. Dry Fruits:
These fruits are not fleshy, and their pericarp (fruit wall) is not distinguished into three layers.
2. Succulent Fruits (Fleshy fruits):
In these fruits pericarp is distinguished into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. Mesocarp is fleshy or fibrous. These fruits are indehiscent, and seeds are liberated after the decay of the flesh.
Botanically, a fruit develops from a ripe ovary or any floral parts on the basis of floral parts they develop, fruits may be true or false.
(i) True Fruits:
A true fruit or eucarp is a mature or ripened ovary, developed after fertilization, e.g., Mango, Maize, Grape etc. (Fig. 7.1 – A).
(ii) False Fruits:
A false fruit or pseudo-carp is derived from the floral parts other than ovary, e.g., peduncle in cashew-nut, thalamus in apple, pear, gourd and cucumber; fused perianth in mulberry and calyx in Dillenia (Or. Ou). Jack fruit and pine apple are also false fruits as they develop from the entire inflorescence. False fruits are also called spurious or accessory fruits (Fig. 7.1.-B).
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(iii) Parthenocarpic fruits:
These are seedless fruits that are formed without fertilization, e.g., Banana. Now a day many seedless grapes, oranges and water melones are being developed by horticulturists. Pomology is a branch of horticulture that deals with the study of fruits and their cultivation.
Morphology of a Typical Fruit:
A fruit consists of pericarp and seeds. Seeds are fertilized and ripened ovules. The pericarp develops from the ovary wall and may be dry or fleshy. When fleshy, pericarp is differentiated into outer epicarp, middle mesocarp and inner endocarp.
Types of Fruits:
On the basis of the above mentioned features, fruits are usually classified into three main groups:
(1) Simple,
(2) Aggregate and
ADVERTISEMENTS:
(3) Composite or Multiple fruits.
1. Simple Fruits:
When a single fruit develops from a single ovary of a single flower, it is called a simple fruit. The ovary may belong to a monocarpellary simple gynoecium or to a polycarpellary syncarpous gynoecium. There are two categories of simple fruits—dry and fleshy.
Simple fruits are of two types:
1. Dry Fruits:
These fruits are not fleshy, and their pericarp (fruit wall) is not distinguished into three layers.
2. Succulent Fruits (Fleshy fruits):
In these fruits pericarp is distinguished into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. Mesocarp is fleshy or fibrous. These fruits are indehiscent, and seeds are liberated after the decay of the flesh.
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