E. Answer the following questions in detail: 1. Differentiate between acids and bases.
Answers
Explanation:
Acid
An acid is a molecule or substance that has a pH value less than 7.0 when it is present in an aqueous solution. An aqueous solution is any solution where water is a solvent. Acids are termed as compounds that donate H+ (hydrogen ion) to another compound known as base.
Base
A base (alkaline) is a molecule or substance that has a pH value higher than 7.0 when present in an aqueous solution. Bases are the exact chemical opposite of acids. In chemistry. They are substances that, in an aqueous solution, release hydroxide (OH−) ions.
Acids
As per Arrhenius Concept, an acid elevates the concentration of Hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
Bases
As per Arrhenius Concept, a base is a compound that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) when dissolved in water.
Acids are classified as:
Strong acids, such as nitric acid (HNO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) respectively.
Strong Lewis acids, such as AlCl3 (anhydrous aluminum chloride) and BF3 (boron trifluoride).
Concentrated weak acids, such as acetic acid (CH3COOH) and formic acid (CH2O2).
Lewis acids with specific reactivity, for example; solutions of ZnCl2 (zinc chloride).
Superacids, which are extremely strong acids.
Bases
Bases are classified as:
Alkalis or Caustics, such as NaOH (sodium hydroxide) and KOH (potassium hydroxide).
Concentrated weak bases, such as NH3 (ammonia) in a concentrated solution.
Alkali metals in metallic form, (i.e. elemental sodium), and hydrides of alkaline and alkali earth metals, i.e. NaH (sodium hydride), which function as a strong hydrate and bases to produce caustics.
Superbases, which are extremely strong bases, such as metal amides, alkoxides, (i.e. NaNH2 – sodium amide), and C4H9Li (butyllithium), which is an organometallic base.
Hope it will help you..
please mark me as brainliest