Question

e) Describe the engineering skills and construction activities of Medieval periods.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Monuments provide an insight into the technologie used for construction.

Between the 7th and 10th centuries architects started adding more rooms, doors and windows to buildings using “trabeate” or “corbelled” design.

Corbelled: roofs, doors and windows were made by placing a horizontal beam across two vertical columns.

From the 12th century onwards certain changes were visible :

“Arcuate“ type design started to appear. Here the weight of the superstructure above doors and windows was carried by the arches . The “keystone” at the centre of the arch transferred the weight of the superstructure to the base of the arch.

Limestone cement was increasingly used in construction. This was very high quality cement .

Building Temples, Tanks and Mosques

Hindu rulers took gods’ name. Eg: Rajarajeshvara temple was built by King Rajarajadeva for the worship of his god, Rajarajeshvaram.

Muslim Sultans and Padshahs did not claim to be incarnations of god but Persian court chronicles

described the Sultan as the “Shadow of God”.

Water availability: Sultan Iltutmish [13th century] won respect for constructing a large reservoir just outside Dehli-i kuhna. It was called the hauz-i Sultani or the “King’s Reservoir”.

Religious construction: Why were temples constructed and destructed?

As each new dynasty came to power, kings/emperors wanted to emphasise their moral right to be rulers.

So constructing places of worship provided rulers with the chance to proclaim their close relationship with God, especially important in an age of rapid political change.

Because kings built temples to demonstrate their devotion to God and their power and wealth, it is not surprising that when they attacked one another’s kingdoms, they often targeted these buildings. (Eg: Pandyan king Shrimara Shrivallabha, Chola king Rajendra I, Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni etc.)

Answer 2

Answer:

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Explanation:

Some aspects of engineering and construction of the mediaeval period in India were

1. The main material of construction were stones like sandstone and marble.

2. Between the 7th and 10th centuries architects added more rooms, doors and windows to buildings using corbelled design.

3. Such rooms, doors and windows were built by placing a horizontal beam across two vertical columns.

4. From the 12 century, arches started being used in which the weight of the superstructure above doors and windows was carried by the arches .

5. Limestone was used as a high quality cement in construction.