E. Differentiate between the following:
1. Crust and Core
2. Endogenetic Forces and Exogenetic Forces
3. Extinct Volcanoes and Dormant Volcanoes
4. Earthquake and Volcano
5. Metallic Minerals and Non-metallic Minerals
6. Igneous Rocks and Sedimentary Rocks
7. Active Volcanoes and Dormant Volcanoes
Answers
1.CRUST : The crust ranges from 5–70 km (3–44 miles) in depth and is the outermost layer. The thin parts are the oceanic crust, which underlie the ocean basins (5–10 km) and are composed of dense (mafic) iron magnesium silicate igneous rocks, like basalt.
CORE: The average density of Earth is 5,515 kg/m3. Because the average density of surface material is only around 3,000 kg/m3, we must conclude that denser materials exist within Earth's core. Seismic measurements show that the core is divided into two parts, a "solid" inner core with a radius of 1,220 km and a liquid outer core extending beyond it to a radius of 3,400 km.
2.Endogenic forces originate from within the surface of the earth. Exogenic or external forces are forces that occur on or above the earth's surface. Endogenic forces include earthquakes, mountain formation. Exogenic forces include the tidal force of the moon, erosion.
3.Dormant → Dormant volcanoes are volcanoes that have not erupted in a long time but are expected to erupt again in the future. Examples of dormant volcanoes are Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, Africa and Mount Fuji in Japan.
Extinct → Extinct volcanoes are those which have not erupted in human history. Examples of extinct volcanoes are Mount Thielsen in Oregon in the US
4The difference between volcano and earthquake: Volcano occurs at the planetary surface whereas earthquake occurs in the interior part of the earth crust. Volcano is always produce the ash and debris whereas earthquake produces only debris due to the disturbance on the earth crust.
5Metallic Non-Metallic
Metallic Minerals are minerals in which metal elements are present in their raw form. Non-metallic minerals do not contain any metal substances in them.
When metallic minerals are melted a new product is formed. In the case of non-metallic minerals, you don’t get any new product after such a process.
Metallic minerals are usually found in igneous and metamorphic rock formations. Non-metallic minerals are often found embedded in young fold mountains and sedimentary rocks.
Metallic minerals are good conductors of electricity as well as heat. Non-metallic minerals are basically good insulators of electricity and heat.
Metallic minerals have high malleability and ductility. Non-metallic minerals, lack in malleability and ductility and these minerals break down easily.
Metallic minerals generally have lustre. Non-metallic minerals do not have any shine or lustre.
6Igneous rocks form when molten rock (magma or lava) cools and solidifies. Sedimentary rocks originate when particles settle out of water or air, or by precipitation of minerals from water.
7An active volcano is a volcano that has had at least one eruption during the past 10,000 years.
whereas A dormant volcano is an active volcano that is not erupting, but supposed to erupt again.
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