E Short-answer type questions:-
1. What are the different methods of weeding?
2. Explain the process of threshing and winnowing.
3. Why do we need to store food?
4. What is crop protection and what are the methods of crop protection?
5. Make a list of some useful products obtained from animals.
F. Long-answer type questions:
1. Write and describe the various steps involved in preparation of soil.
2. Define sowing and describe various methods adopted for sowing seeds.
3. Describe the process of irrigation along with all the methods of irrigation.
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Answers
Answer:
1. Different methods of weeding are uprooting,ploughing, hand hoeing, before transplantation weeds are removed by using a big comb.
2. Threshing- threshing is the process of beating out the grains from the harvested crop plants. In traditional method pf threshing, harvested crop is spread on the ground in small area and varoius cattles are allowed to walk over it again and again. This separates the grains from chaff.
Winnowing- The process of separating grain from chaff and hay with the help of wind is called winnowing . In this process grain mixed with chaff and hay is allowed to fall from a height in blowing wind. Grains beinv heavy falls diractly straight to the ground while light chaff and hay are carried away by wind.
3. We need to store food to provide a better balanced diet to people throughout the year , to prevent wastage of food.
4. Crop protection means to protect plants from being spoiled or to protect it from any disease. Different crop protection methods are weed control , pest control, chemical methods animal psychology.
5.List of some useful products obtained from animals are -
milk , egg , meat , dairy product etc
F
1. Varoius steps involved in preparation of soil are-
1. ploughing - The process of loosening and turning the soil is called ploughing. Loosening of soil allows the plant roots to penetrate freely and deeper in the soil.
2.levelling - The ploughed soil is quite loose to be carried away by wind , so the ploughed soil is levelled by pressing it with a wooden leveller . It is done so that the top soil is not blown away by wing or drained off by water.
3. Manuring - It means adding manure to soil. It is done to increases fertility of soil before seeds are sown into it.
2.The process of scattering seeds in the ground for growing the crop plants is called sowing.
Varoius methods adopted for sowing seeds are-
1. sowing by hand which is called broadcasting.
2. sowing with a seed drill. In this the seed drill is tied at the back of the plough and seeds are put into the funnel of the seed drill. And as the plough makes furrows in the soil , the seeds from the seed drill gradually released and sown into the furrows made by the plough.
3. The process of supplying water to crop plants is called irrigation. There are many traditional methods of irrigation and modern methods as well.Pulley system , chain pump , dhekli and lever system are some traditional methods of irrigation. Moderns methods of irrigation includes -
1.sprinkler system - In this system a main pipeline is laid in the field and perpendicular pipes with rotating nozzles are joined to the main pipeline. When water is allowed to flow through the main pipeline under pressure , it escapes from the rotating nozzles.
2. Drip Irrigation system- In this system , there is a network of narrow pipes with small holes in the field. When water flows through the narrow pipe, it falls drop by drop at the position of the roots of the plants.
3.Canal system- human made canals are made and receive water from one or two reservoirs or from rivers .
4. River lift system- In this system, water is directly drawn from the rivers for supplement irrigation.