economic impacts /
social impact
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Answer:
Diabetes has the potential to cause numerous debilitating health complications. Most often, complications are the result of an unmanaged or poorly managed diabetes. However, people with appropriate diabetes management are also at risk of developing complications.
Half of the 463 million adults living with diabetes today are unaware that they have the condition, and are therefore at high risk of developing serious diabetes-related complications.
Globally, 11.3% of deaths are due to diabetes. Almost half of these deaths are in people under 60 years of age.
Acute diabetes complications
Acute, or short-term, diabetes complications, resulting from extremes of blood glucose levels, are common in type 1 diabetes and can also occur, when certain medications are used, in type 2 and other forms of diabetes. These can lead to permanent illness or even death.
Chronic complications of diabetes
Chronic, or long-term, complications of diabetes may already be present in people with type 2 diabetes by the time they are diagnosed. They can also appear soon after the onset of type 1 diabetes. Early detection and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent disability and death.
Explanation:
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Answer:
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1
Summary
The drive to deliver better results for the economy and for society goes hand in hand with the
daily pressures faced by policy-makers to contain public expenditure and deliver improved
outcomes. This is nowhere more evident than in the health sector, where costs are perceived
to be spiralling; as a result, the sector faces huge pressures to cut budgets and services. This
pressure is driven by a widespread belief within government and financial institutions that the
health sector is a drain on the economy.
This report brings forward new evidence, practical methods and opportunities to show
how the health sector is essential to a stable, functioning economy in all countries of
the WHO European Region. The work supports the implementation of the commitments of
the invest and solidarity pledges resulting from the High-level meeting on health systems
for prosperity and solidarity (the Tallinn+10, held in Tallinn, Estonia in June 2018) upon the
10-year anniversary of the Tallinn Charter: Health Systems for Health and Wealth, as well
as the Health 2020 commitments to reduce health inequities by addressing the social
determinants of health.
In July 2018 the Tallinn Charter for Health Systems Health and Wealth was revisited and it was
concluded that there is a need to “intensify efforts to bring health and finance decision-makers
together around shared goals by taking note of public finance objectives and correspondingly
demonstrating the economic and social returns of investing in health systems”.
The findings and methods highlighted and discussed in this report will enable the health
sector to engage in stronger dialogue with:
1. ministries of finance and international institutions, to prevent disinvestment in health;
2. the economic and development sectors, particularly regarding the contribution made by
health systems to reducing social and economic exclusion and improving the resilience
of cities and regions.
The main findings of this report show that the health sector:
is essential in determining the economic performance and stability of a country;
has a positive impact on the economic performance of other sectors in the national
economy, through the jobs it generates and from the purchase of goods and services;
has a major role to play in reducing social exclusion at the local level, due to its
impact on employment, working conditions and household income;
can increase its status as a key sector for driving forward the implementation of
local and national goals for sustainable development, by enhancing its employment,
training and purchasing functions both locally and nationally.
This work provides evidence and tools to enable those involved in the management,
commissioning and delivery of health systems by providing evidence, examples, economic
arguments and methods to:
quantify the total economic and social contribution of health systems to national
and local economies;
increase the impact of spending and employment on social and sustainability
outcomes in villages, cities and regions;
shift the discourse within Europe towards health as an investment sector that is essential
to social and economic well-being.
The economic and social returns on investing in health systems are multiple (as shown
below).
The health sector…
…
is vital to determining the
economic performance and
stability of a country and a key
sector in the implementation
of local and national goals for
sustainable development.
The health sector is a key institution within many
communities, and is frequently the largest or one of
the largest employers, providing high-quality jobs.
In 2015, in Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD) countries, health and
social work activities constituted around 10% of
total employment.
…
has a positive impact on the
economic performance of
other sectors that make up
the national economy, through
jobs created, both directly, and
indirectly through purchasing.
Health systems are important commissioners of
services and products, providing business to local
companies.
Procurement by public services is a significant part
of national economies, representing €2 trillion every
year, 14% of the European Union’s (EU’s) gross
domestic product (GDP).
…
reduces social exclusion at the
local level through its impact
on employment, working
conditions and household
income.
While employment rates are increasing in Europe,
more people are also living in poverty. In many
sectors, conditions and rates of pay do not reflect
the needs of all people to live healthy lives.
Jobs in the health sector are usually of high
quality; for example, temporary contracts are less
commonplace than in other sectors, and benefits
such as parental leave are usually provided.
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