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How to Stop Water From Evaporating
Updated April 25, 2017
By Will Milner
Evaporation occurs when molecules near to the surface of a liquid acquire enough energy to break the forces of attraction that pull them toward other molecules in the liquid. They acquire this energy because molecules in liquids are constantly moving about and crashing into each other. When they crash, they exchange energy. However, the exchange is not always equal; sometimes one molecule gets a lot more energy than it loses and "bounces" out into the air above. Stopping evaporation is then a question of restricting the energy available to the water and lowering its exposure to dry air.
Cool the water down or limit its exposure to heat by keeping it in the shade, adding ice or cooling with refrigerated pipes. This lowers the kinetic energy available to the water molecules, which slows the evaporation rate. With a large body of water you can do this by planting trees around the perimeter or stretching a shade-providing-canopy over the water.
Keep the water in a container with as little surface area as possible. Only molecules near the surface can evaporate, so the smaller the surface area the lower the evaporation rate. Containers that are deep and narrow or bottle-shaped are best for this.
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