Question

Electric bilayer at the surface of separation between two phases

Answer 1

The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar membrane made of two layers oflipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells. The cell membranes of almost allorganisms and many viruses are made of a lipid bilayer, as are the nuclear membranesurrounding the cell nucleus, and othermembranes surrounding sub-cellular structures. The lipid bilayer is the barrier that keeps ions, proteins and other molecules where they are needed and prevents them from diffusing into areas where they should not be. Lipid bilayers are ideally suited to this role, even though they are only a fewnanometers in width,[1] they are impermeable to most water-soluble (hydrophilic) molecules. Bilayers are particularly impermeable to ions, which allows cells to regulate salt concentrations and pH by transporting ions across their membranes using proteins called ion pumps.