elements in the atomic number 1 to 20 with their valency
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ChemistryClassification of Elements and Periodicity in PropertiesPeriodicity Of Valence Or Oxidation States Of Elements
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Valency Chart (Valency Table of Chemical Elements)
What does the term ‘Valency’ mean?
The valency of an element is a measure of its combining capacity and can be defined as
the number of electrons that must be lost or gained by an atom to obtain a stable electron configuration.
What does the term ‘Oxidation State’ mean?
The oxidation state of an atom is the number of electrons lost or gained by it.
Oxidation State and valency are one of the most fundamental properties of elements and can be studied with the help of electron configurations.
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Tetravalency of Carbon
Concept of Valency
Valency and Oxidation State
Electrons that are found in the outermost shell are generally known as valence electrons and the number of valence electrons determines the valency (or valence) of an atom.
The valencies of the elements belonging to the s-block and the p-block of the periodic table are generally calculated as the number of valence electron or eight minus the number of valence electrons.
For the d-block and f-block elements, valency is determined not only on the basis of valence electrons but also on d and f orbital electrons. However, the general valencies of these d and f block elements are 2 and 3.
The general oxidation state of the elements of the periodic table is illustrated in the chart provided below.
Oxidation State and Valency Chart
Oxidation State and Valency Chart
Valency of First 30 Elements
The valency of the first 30 elements of the periodic table is given below.
Element Atomic Number Valency
Valency of Hydrogen 1 1
Valency of Helium 2 0
Valency of Lithium 3 1
Valency of Beryllium 4 2
Valency of Boron 5 3
Valency of Carbon 6 4
Valency of Nitrogen 7 3
Valency of Oxygen 8 2
Valency of Fluorine 9 1
Valency of Neon 10 0
Valency of Sodium (Na) 11 1
Valency of Magnesium (Mg) 12 2
Valency of Aluminium 13 3
Valency of Silicon 14 4
Valency of Phosphorus 15 3
Valency of Sulphur 16 2
Valency of Chlorine 17 1
Valency of Argon 18 0
Valency of Potassium (K) 19 1
Valency of Calcium 20 2
Valency of Scandium 21 3
Valency of Titanium 22 4
Valency of Vanadium 23 5,4
Valency of Chromium 24 2
Valency of Manganese 25 7, 4, 2
Valency of Iron (Fe) 26 2, 3
Valency of Cobalt 27 3, 2
Valency of Nickel 28 2
Valency of Copper (Cu) 29 2, 1
Valency of Zinc 30 2
Periodic Trends in the Oxidation States of Elements
1. Variation Of Oxidation State Along a Period
While moving left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons of elements increases and varies between 1 to 8. But the valency of elements, when combined with H or O first, increases from 1 to 4 and then it reduces to zero. Consider two compounds containing oxygen Na2O and F2O. In F2O, the electronegativity of F is more than oxygen. Hence, each of F atoms will attract one electron from oxygen i.e. F will show -1 oxidation state and O will show +2 oxidation state. Whereas, in the case of Na2O, oxygen is highly electronegative than sodium atom. So oxygen will attract two electrons from each sodium atom showing -2 oxidation state and Na will have +1 oxidation state. The oxidation state of the element represents the charge possessed by an atom due to the loss or gain of electrons (due to the electronegativity difference between the combining atoms) in the molecule.
2. Variation Of Oxidation State within a Group
As we move down in a group the number of valence electrons does not change. Hence, all the elements of one group have the same valency.
Answer:
ELEMENT VALENCY
HYDROGEN. 1
HELIUM. 0
LITHIUM. 1
BERYLLIUM. 2
BORON. 3
CARBON. 4
NITROGEN. 3
OXYGEN. 2
FLUORINE. 1
NEON 0
SODIUM. 1
MAGNESIUM. 2
ALUMINUM. 3
SILICON. 4
PHOSPHORUS. 3
SULPHUR 2
CHLORINE. 1
ARGON. 0
POTASSIUM. 1
CALCIUM. 2
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