Question

Endocrine and metabolic response to surgical trauma

Answer 1

The endocrine response to surgery is characterized by increased secretion of pituitary hormones and activation of the sympathetic nervous system.The changes in pituitary secretion have secondary effects on hormone secretion from target organs For example, release of corticotrophin from the pituitary stimulates cortisol secretion from the adrenal cortex. 

Answer 2

This study was conducted to investigate the newborn's response to surgical trauma. Ten newborns and 10 infants as a control group undergoing similar surgical procedures were studied. All patients had moderate surgical stress, and there was no difference between the groups regarding the degree of surgical trauma. Alterations in the serum cortisol and growth hormone levels were investigated as parameters of the endocrine response to surgical stress. The endocrine response, which was manifested by elevations of both serum cortisol and growth hormone levels immediately postsurgery, disappeared within 48 hours after surgery. No difference in the endocrine response between these two groups was found. The metabolic response to surgery was studied by measuring the serum zinc, copper and magnesium levels and by determining the 24 hours' urine concentrations of these elements before and after surgery.