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→ Write 2 poems of Rudyard Kipling. Describe any 5 poetic devices with 4 examples for each
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Answers
Answer:
English author who wrote some of the most well known short stories, novels and poems. He worked in India for seven years from 1882 to 1889, and the influence of his time in the east can be seen in many of his works. Kipling’s clarity of style, his use of colloquial language, and the way in which he used rhythm and rhyme, are considered major innovations in poetry and went on to have an influence on following generations of poets. However, he is also known for his support of British imperialism and several of his works are seen as being emblematic of Eurocentric racism. In 1907, Rudyard Kipling was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature at the age of 42, making him the youngest person to receive the award. Know about the poetry of Kipling through his 10 most famous poems including Recessional, Mandalay, If and The White Man’s Burden.
MY BOY JACK
Published: 1916
The Battle of Jutland was fought in 1916 during the First World War between the British Royal Navy and the Imperial German Navy. This poem was included as a prelude to a story in Kipling’s book Sea Warfare about the Battle of Jutland. In it, Kipling uses the imagery of the sea and nature to explore the grief felt by a parent due to the loss of a child in wartime. My Boy Jack promotes patriotism and stoic bravery in the face of death; and it became one of the most popular of the war-verses. There is speculation whether the poem is related to the death of Rudyard’s son John Kipling at the Battle of Loos in 1915; but most consider this to be improbable.
Excerpt:-
“Oh, dear, what comfort can I find?”
None this tide,
Nor any tide,
Except he did not shame his kind —
Not even with that wind blowing, and that tide.
#9 GUNGA DIN
Published: 1892
This poem is written from the point of view of a British soldier in India at a time when India was ruled by the British Empire. Gunga Din, the titular character of the poem, is an Indian water-carrier of a British regiment. The soldier considers the European colonizers as superior and the native people of India as inferior. He and his fellow comrades frequently mistreat Gunga Din threatening and abusing him. During a fight between the British and the Indian natives, Gunga Din saves the narrator’s life but is shot and killed himself. In the final three lines of the poem, the soldier regrets the abuse he dealt to Din and admits that Din is the better man of the two. Gunga Din is one of Kipling’s most famous poems and it inspired a 1939 Hollywood film with the same title.
Excerpt:-
An’ I’ll get a swig in hell from Gunga Din!
Yes, Din! Din! Din!
You Lazarushian-leather Gunga Din!
Though I’ve belted you and flayed you,
By the livin’ Gawd that made you,
You’re a better man than I am, Gunga Din
poetic devices
What techniques does the poem 'If' by Rudyard Kipling use to get his message across?
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Expert Answers
MWESTWOOD eNotes educator| CERTIFIED EDUCATOR
In his inspiring poem, "If," Rudyard Kipling makes use of many rhetorical devices among which are anaphora, anastrophe, antithesis, assonance,climax, hendiadys, hyperbole, metaphor,personification,and syllepsis.
Here are examples of these aforementioned rhetorical terms:
1. Anaphora - The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines. (This is been thoroughly covered by the previous poster)
2. Anastrophe - Transposition of normal word order
"Yours is the Earth...."
3. Antithesis - Opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction. There are numerous examples of this
"If all men count with you, but none too much"
4. Assonance - The repetition of the same sound in words close to each other.
"And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise"
5. Climax - Arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of ascending power. Often the last emphatic word in one phrase or clause is repeated as the first emphatic word of the next.
The last stanza exemplifies this term. The poem is very moving because of this build-up.
6. Hendiadys - Use of two words connected by a conjunction, instead of suordinating one to the other, to express a single complex idea.
There are numerous examples of this term, as well. Here is one: "Or walk with Kings-nor lose the common touch"
7. Hyperbole - Exaggeration for emphasis or for rhetorical effect
If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,/'Or walk with Kings- nor lose the common touch"
8. Metaphor - Implied comparison achieved through a figurative use of words
"Twisted by knaves (metaphor for people of low character) to make a trap for fools"
9. Personification - Attribution of personality to an impersonal thing
"If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster"
10. Syllepsis - The use of a word with two others, each of which is understood differently.
If you can keep your head when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too:
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,
Or, being lied about, don't deal in lies,
Or being hated don't give way to hating,
And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise;
If you can dream- -and not make dreams your master;
If you can think- -and not make thoughts your aim,
If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster
And treat those two impostors just the same:.
If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,
And stoop and build'em up with worn-out tools;
If you can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,
And lose, and start again at your beginnings,
And never breathe a word about your loss:
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are gone,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you
Except the Will which says to them: 'Hold on! '
If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,
Or walk with Kings- -nor lose the common touch,
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,
If all men count with you, but none too much:
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds' worth of distance run,
Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it,
And- -which is more- -you'll be a Man, my son!
by Rudyard Kipling
(A. D. 406)
"A Centurion of the Thirtieth"
My father's father saw it not,
And I, belike, shall never come
To look on that so-holy spot --
That very Rome --
Crowned by all Time, all Art, all Might,
The equal work of Gods and Man,
City beneath whose oldest height --
The Race began!
Soon to send forth again a brood,
Unshakable, we pray, that clings
To Rome's thrice-hammered hardihood --
In arduous things.
Strong heart with triple armour bound,
Beat strongly, for thy life-blood runs,
Age after Age, the Empire round --
In us thy Sons
Who, distant from the Seven Hills,
Loving and serving much, require
Thee -- thee to guard 'gainst home-born ills
The Imperial Fire!
by Rudyard Kipling
As a result, it can bring out a sing-songy rhythm that is pleasing to read aloud or hear performed. One of the best lines that demonstrate iambic pentameter's unique rhythm is as follows:
"And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise."
Next, examples of life's paradoxes are used to makethe point that we may encounter contradictory extremes in life; however, we shouldn't get caught up in them. For example, the following excerpt explains how to deal with life after a big win and a subsequent severe loss:
"If you can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,
And lose, and start again at your beginnings
And never breathe a word about your loss;"
Not only is it possible to succeed in life, but it is also possible to lose. The above passage demonstrates that both good and bad things come and go in life, so we shouldn't get caught up or held back by either one of them. Also, as paradoxes can point out, life can be one contradiction after another, so if we are prepared for such events, then we might not feel as overwhelmed or discouraged when they come our way.
Finally, Kipling's "If" is a didactic poem. This means that the poem is used as a device to instruct or teach a moral lesson. That lesson centers around imparting a lot of wisdom that the speaker has collected over the course of his life. If a young person can understand a few concepts about dealing with life before having to learn them the hard way, then the poem has done its job. Its job, then, can be found in the last lines, which also signify the speaker's purpose for saying everything he does:
"Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,
And—which is more—you’ll be a Man, my son!"
From the last lines, it seems clear that Kipling's purpose of was to teach boys what it is like in the adult world and how to deal with trials "men." Today, however, it is possible to look beyond the sexist gender divisions from which Kipling wrote and to see the advice in "If" as applicable to all young people.
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