Question

Enlist the core techniques that pave the way for modern biotechnology.

Answer 1

Answer:

Among many, the two core techniques that enabled birth of modern biotechnology are : (i) Genetic engineering : Techniques to alter the chemistry of genetic material (DNA and RNA), to introduce these into host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host organism.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

The two core techniques that pave the way for modern biotechnology are-

1. Genetic engineering
2. Maintenance of sterile conditions

Genetic engineering: Techniques to alter the chemistry of genetic material to introduce these into host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host organism.

Maintenance of sterile conditions: Microbial contamination-free ambience in chemical engineering processes to enable growth of only the desired microbe/eukaryotic cell in large quantities for the manufacture of biotechnological products like antibiotics, vaccines, enzymes, etc.