Enplain the four types of stress in detail ?
Long Answer Questions
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Answer:
There are four major types of stress: time stress, anticipatory stress, situational stress, and encounter stress. Each of these has its own nuances, drawbacks, and even benefits.
Types of Stress
There are several types of stress in physics but mainly it is categorized into two forms that are Normal Stress and Tangential or Shearing Stress. Some stress types are discussed in the points below.
Normal Stress:
As the name suggests, Stress is said to be Normal stress when the direction of the deforming force is perpendicular to the cross-sectional area of the body. The length of the wire or the volume of the body changes stress will be at normal. Normal stress can be further classified into two types based on the dimension of force-
Longitudinal stress
Bulk Stress or Volumetric stress
Longitudinal Stress:
Consider a cylinder. When two cross-sectional areas of the cylinder are subjected to equal and opposite forces the stress experienced by the cylinder is called longitudinal stress.
Longitudinal Stress = Deforming Force / Area of cross-section = F/A
As the name suggests, When the body is under longitudinal stress-
The deforming force will be acting along the length of the body.
Longitudinal stress results in the change in the length of the body, Hence thereby it affects slight change in diameter.
The Longitudinal Stress either stretch the object or compress the object along its length. Thus, it can be further classified into two types based on the direction of deforming force-
Tensile Stress
If the deforming force or applied force results in the increase in the object’s length then the resulting stress is termed as tensile stress. For example: When a rod or wire is stretched by pulling it with equal and opposite forces(outwards) at both ends.
Compressive Stress
If the deforming force or applied force results in the decrease in the object’s length then the resulting stress is termed as compressive stress. For example: When a rod or wire is compressed/squeezed by pushing it with equal and opposite forces(inwards) at both ends.
Bulk Stress or Volume Stress
When the deforming force or applied force acts from all dimension resulting in the change of volume of the object then such stress in called volumetric stress or Bulk stress. In short, When the volume of body changes due to the deforming force it is termed as Volume stress.
Shearing Stress or Tangential Stress
When the direction of the deforming force or external force is parallel to the cross-sectional area, the stress experienced by the object is called shearing stress or tangential stress. This results in the change in the shape of the body.
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