enumerate the reasons for large scale de-urbanization in india in the late eighteenth and nineteenth century
Answers
Answer:
The process of de-industrialisation is an economic change in which employment in the manufacturing decline due to various economic or political reasons.[1] The decline in employment in manufacturing is also followed by the fall in the share of manufacturing value added in GDP. The process of de-industrialisation can be due to development and growth in the economy and it can also occur due to political factors. In other words, the term de-industrialisation means a general reduction in the industrial capacity and came into prevalence in India with the destruction of the handicrafts industry by external competition from British manufactured products during the 19th century.
Initial idea of Indian de-industrialisation came from Sir William Bentinck, who acted as the Governor-General of India between 1833 and 1835 and his policy significantly impacted the cotton industry of India. The effect of British cotton industry on Indian cotton industry was originally presented by Karl Marx in Das Capital.[2]
The historical de-industrialisation processes observed in the British colonies such as India are said to be a product of the British rule. The industrial revolution in Britain is followed by a significant decline in the artisan and manufacturing activities in the colonial and semi-colonial regions of the East such as India.[3]
Explanation:
Urbanization in India began to accelerate after independence, due to the country's adoption of a mixed economy, which gave rise to the development of the private sector. The population residing in urban areas in India, according to the 1901 census, was 11.4%,[1] increasing to 28.53% by the 2001 census, and is now currently 34% in 2017 according to The World Bank.[2] According to a survey by UN, in 2030 40.76% of country's population is expected to reside in urban areas.[3] As per World Bank, India, along with China, Indonesia, Nigeria, and the United States, will lead the world's urban population surge by 2050.[4]
Mumbai saw large-scale rural-urban migration in the 20th century.[see main] Mumbai, in 2018, accommodates 22.1 million people, and is the largest metropolis by population in India, followed by Delhi with 28 million inhabitants. Delhi witnessed the fastest rate of urbanisation in the world, with a 4.1% rise in population as per the 2011 census.
Explanation:
The decline in employment in manufacturing is also followed by the fall in the share of manufacturing value added in GDP. The process of de-industrialisation can be due to development and growth in the economy and it can also occur due to political factors.
The process of de-industrialisation is an economic change in which employment in the manufacturing decline due to various economic or political reasons.
Urbanization in India to accelerate after independence, due to the country's adoption of a mixed economy, which gave rise to the development of the private sector. The 2population residing in urban areas in India, according to the 1901 census, was 11.4%,[1] increasing to 28.53% by the 2001 census, and is now currently 34% in 2017 according to The World Bank.[2] According to a survey by UN, in 2030 40.76% of country's population is expected to reside in urban areas.[3] As per World Bank, India, along with China, Indonesia, Nigeria, and the United States, will lead the world's urban population surge by 2050.[4]
Mumbai saw large-scale rural-urban migration in the 20th century.[see main] Mumbai, in 2018, accommodates 22.1 million people, and is the largest metropolis by population in India, followed by Delhi with 28 million inhabitants. Delhi witnessed the fastest rate of urbanisation in the world, with a 4.1% rise in population as per the 2011 census.
There was large scale de-urbanization in India because when the main trading centres were shifted from cities to other presidencies the cities couldn't survive without their attraction. Cities like Surat and seringapatam were de-urbanized.
Urbanisation occurs mainly because people move from rural areas to urban areas and it results in growth in the size of the urban population and the extent of urban areas. These changes in population lead to other changes in land use, economic activity and culture.