Epidemiology disease cycle of bud necrosis of groundnut
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NTRODUCTION
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was first reported in India in tomato
in 1964 (Todd et dl., 1975). The occurrence of TSWV on a legume in
~India was first recorded in 1968 (Reddy et dl., 1968). The "bud
necrosis disease" of groundnut, caused by TSWV, is now considered to
be one of the most damaging groundnut diseases in India (Ghanekar et
al., 1979a; Reddy, 1980). Bud necrosis is likely to have been
present in India for some time although it has only recently become
economically important. TSWV has also been reported on groundnuts
in Brazil (Costa, 1941), the United States of America (Halliwell &
Philley, 1974), South Africa (Klesser, 1966) and Australia (Helms et
al., 1961). This chapter considers the epidemiology and control of bud
necrosis and gives a brief account of other economically important
diseases of legumes in India caused by TSWV.
OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF LEGUME DISEASES CAUSED BY TSWV IN INDIA
Our surveys show that bud necrosis is widely distributed in the main
groundnut-growing regions of India and that it is endemic in the states
of Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu. Extensive infection has also been
seen in parts of the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan and
western Uttar Pradesh. The greater incidence of bud necrosis in recent
years may be related to the expansion of irrigation projects which has
led to continuous cropping of groundnuts and other hosts of TSWV.
Until recently most groundnuts were grown in the rainy season but
increased demand has caused an expansion of the post-rainy season,
irrigated crop.
The economically important leaf curl diseases of green and black
gram (Vigna radiata) (Nene, 1972) have recently been shown to be caused
by TSW (Ghanekar et al., 1979b) and field trials showed that TSWV can
also cause economically important diseases of pea (cultivar Bonneville)
broad bean (cultivar ~ocal), cowpea (cultivar C-152) and soyabean
(cultivar Bragg) . Plumb R.T. & Thresh J.M. (1983) Plant Virus Epider
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was first reported in India in tomato
in 1964 (Todd et dl., 1975). The occurrence of TSWV on a legume in
~India was first recorded in 1968 (Reddy et dl., 1968). The "bud
necrosis disease" of groundnut, caused by TSWV, is now considered to
be one of the most damaging groundnut diseases in India (Ghanekar et
al., 1979a; Reddy, 1980). Bud necrosis is likely to have been
present in India for some time although it has only recently become
economically important. TSWV has also been reported on groundnuts
in Brazil (Costa, 1941), the United States of America (Halliwell &
Philley, 1974), South Africa (Klesser, 1966) and Australia (Helms et
al., 1961). This chapter considers the epidemiology and control of bud
necrosis and gives a brief account of other economically important
diseases of legumes in India caused by TSWV.
OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF LEGUME DISEASES CAUSED BY TSWV IN INDIA
Our surveys show that bud necrosis is widely distributed in the main
groundnut-growing regions of India and that it is endemic in the states
of Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu. Extensive infection has also been
seen in parts of the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan and
western Uttar Pradesh. The greater incidence of bud necrosis in recent
years may be related to the expansion of irrigation projects which has
led to continuous cropping of groundnuts and other hosts of TSWV.
Until recently most groundnuts were grown in the rainy season but
increased demand has caused an expansion of the post-rainy season,
irrigated crop.
The economically important leaf curl diseases of green and black
gram (Vigna radiata) (Nene, 1972) have recently been shown to be caused
by TSW (Ghanekar et al., 1979b) and field trials showed that TSWV can
also cause economically important diseases of pea (cultivar Bonneville)
broad bean (cultivar ~ocal), cowpea (cultivar C-152) and soyabean
(cultivar Bragg) . Plumb R.T. & Thresh J.M. (1983) Plant Virus Epider
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In advanced conditions, the necrosis of buds occurs. Top bud is killed and necrosis spreads downwards. Drastic reduction in flowering and seeds produced are abnormally small and wrinkled with the dark black lesions on the testa. It is caused by Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV).
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