Essay about cooperation essay
Answers
Answer:
Essay on Cooperation!
Cooperation is a positive social motive. It is equally significant as competition in motivating a person to reach the goal. Cooperation alongwith competition provides a very healthy signal for the upliftment of the Society.
Various studies have been conducted by sociologists, social psychologists and anthropologists on the effect of cooperation as a social motive. Usually two primary factors determine cooperation. They are, age of the subjects and kinds of material available.
Particularly in case of children of 2-3 years age, cooperation is mostly expressed in play. Ross found that children of 2-3 years of age showed cooperative behaviour more frequently when playing with clay than when playing with blocks.
General observation of children in play ground and school indicate that cooperative play is essential most clearly among the children who were 3 years of age and older. Experimental studies of competition and cooperation develop simultaneously and approximately at about the same age, i.e. after three years of age.
Crawford’s (1937) study on the cooperative behaviour of Chimpanzees is worth mentioning here. Crawford gave three problems to the Chimpanzees. These three problems required the cooperative effort of at least two Chimpanzees for their solution. A single Chimpanzee could not solve any of these problems alone without the help of another Chimpanzee. The Chimpanzees were given to do the tasks alone as well as in pairs.
Results showed that when the animals worked in pairs they could pull a heavier box than what it could when it was in the lone situation. The most interesting observation from this experiment was that Chimpanzees could not learn to cooperate i.e. they could not pull the two boxes at the same time.
This might be due to the fact that these animals might not have learnt to work cooperatively. Even after training they failed to do the work together. It is found that though Chimpanzees are given to pull two boxes at the same time, they fail to do it. Each pulls with regard to the activity of the other Chimpanzee.
Answer:
here ur answers
Explanation:
The term ‘Cooperation’ is derived from the two Latin words: ‘Co’ meaning together and ‘opera meaning to work. Literally, cooperation means joint work or working together for common rewards.
1. Merrill and Eldredge:
‘Cooperation is a form of social interaction wherein two or more persons work together to gain a common end.’
2. A. W. Green:
‘Cooperation is the continuous and common endeavour of two or more persons to perform a task or to reach a goal that is commonly cherished.’
3. Fairchild:
‘Cooperation is the process by which the individuals or groups combine their effort, in a more or less organised way for the attainment of common objective.’
Thus, cooperation is mutual working together for the attainment of a common goal. It implies a regard for the wishes, needs and aspirations of other people. It is often considered to be unselfish. But men may also find that their selfish goals are best served by working together with their fellows.
Cooperation may be found in groups as small as the dyad [group of two persons – Ex: husband and wife] and as large as the modern countries. People may cooperate for self-centered gain or for self- protection, or to do good to others. Groups may cooperate for self-advancement as in the case of a monopoly, for mutual protection, or for the welfare of all groups.
Cooperation requires sympathy and identification. We cannot have cooperation without the development of sympathy. Sympathy depends upon the capacity of an individual to imagine himself in the place of another, particularly when the other person is in difficulties.
Mutual aid is another name for cooperation. Cooperation is possible only when there is like mindedness, similarity of purpose, mutual awareness, mutual understanding, mutual helpfulness and selfless attitude.
Types of Cooperation:
Cooperation may be direct, or indirect, or it may be primary, secondary and tertiary in character.
1. Direct Cooperation:
Here, the individuals involved do the identical function. Ex.: Playing together, worshipping together, tilling the field together, taking out a cart from the mud, etc. People do work in company with other members. Performance of a common task with joint efforts brings them social satisfaction.
2. Indirect Cooperation:
In this case, people work individually for the attainment of a common end. People here do unlike tasks towards a similar end. This is based on the principle of division of labour and specialisation.
For example, farmers, spinners, weavers, dyers, tailors are different people engaged in different activities. But their end remains the same that of producing clothes. The modern technological age requires specialisation of skills and functions. Hence it depends on cooperation.
3. Primary Cooperation:
Primary cooperation is found in primary groups such as family, neighbourhood, friends’ group, children’s play group and so on. Here there is an identity of ends. Every member works for the betterment of all. There is an interlocking identification of individuals, groups, and the task performed.
The group contains all or nearly all, of each individual’s life. The rewards for which everyone works are shared, or meant to be shared, with every other member in the group. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is a highly prized value.
4. Secondary Cooperation:
Secondary cooperation is the characteristic feature of the modern civilised society and is found mainly in secondary groups. It is highly formalised and specialised. Cooperation is not itself a value; attitudes are more likely to be individualistic and calculating.
Most members of the group feel some loyalty toward the group, but the welfare of the group is not their first consideration. Each performs his task, and thus helps others to perform their tasks, so that he can separately enjoy the fruits of his cooperation.
Each may work in cooperation with others for his own wages, salaries, promotions, profits and in some cases power and prestige. Such kind of Co-operation may be witnessed in political, economic, religious, commercial, educational and other groups.