essay of ISRO : its achievement
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Indian Space Research Organisation, formed in 1969, superseded the erstwhile INCOSPAR. Vikram Sarabhai, having identified the role and importance of space technology in a Nation's development, provided ISRO the necessary direction to function as an agent of development. ISRO then embarked on its mission to provide the Nation space based services and to develop the technologies to achieve the same independently.
Throughout the years, ISRO has upheld its mission of bringing space to the service of the common man, to the service of the Nation. In the process, it has become one of the six largest space agencies in the world. ISRO maintains one of the largest fleet of communication satellites (INSAT) and remote sensing (IRS) satellites, that cater to the ever growing demand for fast and reliable communication and earth observation respectively. ISRO develops and delivers application specific satellite products and tools to the Nation: broadcasts, communications, weather forecasts, disaster management tools, Geographic Information Systems, cartography, navigation, telemedicine, dedicated distance education satellites being some of them.
To achieve complete self reliance in terms of these applications, it was essential to develop cost efficient and reliable launch systems, which took shape in the form of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). The famed PSLV went on to become a favoured carrier for satellites of various countries due to its reliability and cost efficiency, promoting unprecedented international collaboration. The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) was developed keeping in mind the heavier and more demanding Geosynchronous communication satellites.
Apart from technological capability, ISRO has also contributed to science and science education in the country. Various dedicated research centres and autonomous institutions for remote sensing, astronomy and astrophysics, atmospheric sciences and space sciences in general function under the aegis of Department of Space. ISRO's own Lunar and interplanetary missions along with other scientific projects encourage and promote science education, apart from providing valuable data to the scientific community which in turn enriches science.
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Answer:
Indian Space Research Organization [a] (ISRO / ʊsro) /) or (IAST: Bhāratīya Antrikh Anusandhān Saṅgaṭhan) is the National Space Agency of India, headquartered in Bengaluru. It works under the Department of Space (DoS), overseen directly by the Prime Minister of India, while the chairman of ISRO also serves as an executive of the DoS. ISRO is the primary agency in India for work related to the development of space based applications, space exploration and related technologies. [7] It is one of the six government space agencies in the world, with full launch capability, deploying cryogenic engines, launching supernatural missions, and operating large fleets of artificial satellites. [7] [b] The Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was established by Jawaharlal Nehru [8] under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) in 1962, in which scientist Vikram Sarabhai recognized the need for space research. . INCOSPAR grew up and became ISRO in 1969, [9] also under DAE. [10] [11] In 1972, the Government of India established the Space Commission and Department of Space (DOS), [12] bringing ISRO under DOS. Thus the establishment of ISRO institutionalized space research activities in India. [13] It is managed by DOS, which reports to the Prime Minister of India. [16] ISRO built India's first satellite Aryabhata, which was launched by the Soviet Union on 19 April 1975. [15] It was named after the mathematician Aryabhata. In 1980, Rohini became the first satellite to be placed into orbit by the Indian-made launch vehicle SLV-3. ISRO later developed two other rockets: the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) to launch satellites into polar orbits and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) to place satellites into geostationary orbits. These rockets have launched several communication satellites and Earth observation satellites. Satellite navigation systems such as GAGAN and IRNSS have been deployed. In January 2014, ISRO used an indigenous cryogenic engine CE-7.5 at the GSLV-D5 launch of GSAT-14. [16] [17]
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