Question

essay on birds and animals have feeling

Answer 1

Do elephants feel joy, chimpanzees grief and
depression, and dogs happiness and dejection?
People disagree about the nature of emotions in nonhuman
animal beings (hereafter animals), especially concerning the
question of whether any animals other than humans can
feel emotions (Ekman 1998). Pythagoreans long ago
believed that animals experience the same range of
emotions as humans (Coates 1998), and current research
provides compelling evidence that at least some animals
likely feel a full range of emotions, including fear, joy,
happiness, shame, embarrassment, resentment, jealousy,
rage, anger, love, pleasure, compassion, respect, relief,
disgust, sadness, despair, and grief (Skutch 1996, Poole
1996, 1998, Panksepp 1998, Archer 1999, Cabanac 1999,
Bekoff 2000).
The expression of emotions in animals raises a number
of stimulating and challenging questions to which rela-
tively little systematic empirical research has been devoted,
especially among free-ranging animals. Popular accounts
(e.g., Masson and McCarthy’s When Elephants Weep, 1995)
have raised awareness of animal emotions, especially
among nonscientists, and provided scientists with much
useful information for further systematic research. Such
books have also raised hackles among many scientists for
being “too soft”—that is, too anecdotal, misleading, or
sloppy (Fraser 1996). However, Burghardt (1997a), despite
finding some areas of concern in Masson and McCarthy’s
book, wrote: “I predict that in a few years the phenomena
described here will be confirmed, qualified, and extended”
(p. 23). Fraser (1996) also noted that the book could serve
as a useful source for motivating future systematic empir-
ical research.
Researchers interested in exploring animal passions ask
such questions as: Do animals experience emotions?
What, if anything, do they feel? Is there a line that clearly
separates those species that experience emotions from
those that do not? Much current research follows Charles
Darwin’s (1872; see also Ekman 1998) lead, set forth in his
book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals.
Darwin argued that there is continuity between the emo-
tional lives of humans and those of other animals, and that
the differences among many animals are in degree rather
than in kind. In The Descent of Man and Selection in Rela-
tion to Sex, Darwin claimed that “the lower animals, like
man, manifestly feel pleasure and pain, happiness, and
misery” (p. 448).
Naturalizing the study of animal
emotions
Field research on behavior is of paramount importance
for learning more about animal emotions, because emo-
tions have evolved in specific contexts. Naturalizing the
study of animal emotions will provide for more reliable
data because emotions have evolved just as have ot

Answer 2

Believers, however, typically opine that animals are capable of a range of
emotions, such as happiness, sadness, empathy, grief, curiosity, anger, anxiety and fear. ... But it might be
feeling lonely and anxious, and not know how to behave when left on its own for so much time.
How Animal and Human Emotions Are Different. ... However these feelings and
emotions are expressed — whether with the wag of a tail or a smile, they come from the same basic "survival circuits" in the brain, which are the same in all mammals.
Whether animals can experience romantic love is unknown. But there is some evidence that they are capable of experiencing the same range of emotions as we
can. The brains of many mammals are surprisingly similar to the human brain. Take as an example the brain of a cat.

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