Question

Essay on Causes of epidemics & preventive measures. ​

Answer 1

Explanation:

Epidemics

Epidemics of infectious disease are generally caused by several factors including a change in the ecology of the host population (e.g. increased stress or increase in the density of a vector species), a genetic change in the pathogen reservoir or the introduction of an emerging pathogen to a host population (by movement of pathogen or host). Generally, an epidemic occurs when host immunity to either an established pathogen or newly emerging novel pathogen is suddenly reduced below that found in the endemic equilibrium and the transmission threshold is exceeded.

There are several changes that may occur in an infectious agent that may trigger an epidemic. These include:

• Increased virulence
• Introduction into a novel setting
• Changes in host susceptibility to the infectious agent

Preparations for an epidemic include having a disease surveillance system; the ability to quickly dispatch emergency workers, especially local-based emergency workers; and a legitimate way to guarantee the safety and health of health workers.

Effective preparations for a response to a pandemic are multi-layered. The first layer is a disease surveillance system. The next layer is the actual response to an emergency

hope this would help you!!

Answer 2

Answer:

Causes= Epidemics relating to the spread of infectious diseases are caused by the lack of knowledge on specific ways a germ is transmitted and the ability for treatments to be effective in controlling the spread of the disease.  There are viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa  classifications of disease organisms.  Each strain can mutate when exposed to the human body or other living organisms and form new strains of that disease. It is very difficult for scientists and doctors to keep up with this as many environmental factors can influence mutations also. So because of this, until new sanitation preventive measures and treatments are discovered, many diseases spread quickly resulting in an epidemic. Examples of these can be found on the link below the Center for Disease Control.

Preventive measures:   To prevent infection and to slow transmission, consider the following steps:

• Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, or clean them with alcohol-based hand rub.

• Maintain at least a 1 metre distance between you and people coughing or sneezing.

• Avoid touching your face.

• Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.

• Stay home if you feel unwell.

• Refrain from smoking and other activities that weaken the lungs.

• Practice physical distancing by avoiding unnecessary travel and staying away from large groups of people.