Essay on fortified quadrilateral
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Step-by-step explanation:
- In Euclidean plane geometry, a quadrilateral is a polygon with four edges (or sides) and four vertices or corners. Sometimes, the term ...
- In Euclidean plane geometry, a quadrilateral is a polygon with four edges (or sides) and four vertices or corners. Sometimes, the term ...Internal angle (degrees): 90° (for square and rectangle)
- In Euclidean plane geometry, a quadrilateral is a polygon with four edges (or sides) and four vertices or corners. Sometimes, the term ...Internal angle (degrees): 90° (for square and rectangle)Area: various methods; see below
- In Euclidean plane geometry, a quadrilateral is a polygon with four edges (or sides) and four vertices or corners. Sometimes, the term ...Internal angle (degrees): 90° (for square and rectangle)Area: various methods; see belowEdges and vertices: 4
- In Euclidean plane geometry, a quadrilateral is a polygon with four edges (or sides) and four vertices or corners. Sometimes, the term ...Internal angle (degrees): 90° (for square and rectangle)Area: various methods; see belowEdges and vertices: 4Schläfli symbol: (for square)
- In Euclidean plane geometry, a quadrilateral is a polygon with four edges (or sides) and four vertices or corners. Sometimes, the term ...Internal angle (degrees): 90° (for square and rectangle)Area: various methods; see belowEdges and vertices: 4Schläfli symbol: (for square)Missing: fortified | Must include: fortified
In Euclidean plane geometry, a quadrilateral is a polygon with four edges (or sides) and four vertices or corners. Sometimes, the term quadrangle is used, by analogy with triangle, and sometimes tetragon for consistency with pentagon (5-sided), hexagon (6-sided) and so on.
Quick facts: Edges and vertices, Schläfli symbol …
The word "quadrilateral" is derived from the Latin words quadri, a variant of four, and latus, meaning "side".
Quadrilaterals are simple (not self-intersecting) or complex (self-intersecting), also called crossed. Simple quadrilaterals are either convexor concave.
The interior angles of a simple (and planar) quadrilateral ABCD add up to 360 degrees of arc, that is
{\displaystyle \angle A+\angle B+\angle C+\angle D=360^{\circ }.}
This is a special case of the n-gon interior angle sum formula (n − 2) × 180°.
All non-self-crossing quadrilaterals tile the plane by repeated rotation around the midpoints of their edges.
Simple quadrilaterals
Any quadrilateral that is not self-intersecting is a simple quadrilateral.
Convex quadrilaterals
Euler diagram of some types of simple quadrilaterals. (UK) denotes British English and (US) denotes American English.
In a convex quadrilateral, all interior angles are less than 180° and the two diagonals both lie inside the quadrilateral.
Irregular quadrilateral (British English) or trapezium (North American English): no sides are parallel. (In British English this was once called a trapezoid.)
Trapezium (UK) or trapezoid (US): at least one pair of opposite sides are parallel. Trapezia (UK) and trapezoids (US) include parallelograms.
Isosceles trapezium (UK) or isosceles trapezoid (US): one pair of opposite sides are parallel and the base anglesare equal in measure. Alternative definitions are a quadrilateral with an axis of symmetry bisecting one pair of opposite sides, or a trapezoid with diagonals of equal length.
Parallelogram: a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides. Equivalent conditions are that opposite sides are of equal length; that opposite angles are equal; or that the diagonals bisect each other. Parallelograms include rhombi (including those rectangles we call squares) and rhomboids (including those rectangles we call oblongs). In other words, parallelograms include all rhombi and all rhomboids, and thus also include all rectangles.
Rhombus or rhomb: all four sides are of equal length. An equivalent condition is that the diagonals perpendicularly bisect each other. Informally: "a pushed-over square" (but strictly including a square, too).
Rhomboid: a parallelogram in which adjacent sides are of unequal lengths and some angles are oblique(equivalently, having no right angles). Informally: "a pushed-over oblong". Not all references agree, some define a rhomboid as a parallelogram that is not a rhombus.
Rectangle: all four angles are right angles. An equivalent condition is that the diagonals bisect each other and are equal in length. Rectangles include squares and oblongs. Informally: "a box or oblong" (including a square).
Square (regular quadrilateral): all four sides are of equal length (equilateral), and all four angles are right angles. An equivalent condition is that opposite sides are parallel (a square is a parallelogram), that the diagonals perpendicularly bisect each other, and are of equal length. A quadrilateral is a square if and only if it is both a rhombus and a rectangle (four equal sides and four equal angles).
Oblong: a term sometimes used to denote a rectangle that has unequal adjacent sides (i.e. a rectangle that is not a square).
Kite: two pairs of adjacent sides are of equal length. This implies that one diagonal divides the kite into congruent triangles, and so the angles between the two pairs of equal sides are equal in measure. It also implies that the diagonals are perpendicular. Kites include rhombi.

Tangential quadrilateral: the four sides are tangents to an inscribed circle. A convex quadrilateral is tangential if and only if opposite sides have equal sums.
Tangential trapezoid: a trapezoid where the four sides are tangents to an inscribed circle.
Cyclic quadrilateral: the four vertices lie on a circumscribed circle. A convex quadrilateral is cyclic if and only if opposite angles sum to 180°.
Right kite: a kite with two opposite right angles. It is a type of cyclic quadrilateral.
Harmonic quadrilateral: the products of the lengths of the opposing sides are equal. It is a type of cyclic quadrilateral.
Bicentric quadrilateral: it is both tangential and cyclic.
Orthodiagonal quadrilateral: the diagonals cross at right angles.
Equidiagonal quadrilateral: the diagonals are of equal length.
Ex-tangential quadrilateral: the four extensions of the sides are tangent to an excircle.
An equilic quadrilateral has two opposite equal sides that, when extended, meet at 60°.
A Watt quadrilateral is a quadrilateral with a pair of opposite sides of equal length.
A quadric quadrilateral is a convex quadrilateral whose four vertices all lie on the perimeter of a square.