essay on " Sahid Bhakat Singh"
Answers
Early Life
Bhagat Singh was born in 1907 to a Sikh family in the Punjab Province of British India. His family were active participants in the INDIAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT and were politically active. His grandfather Arjun Singh was a follower of Swami Dayananda Saraswati’s Hindu reformist movement which greatly influence Bhagat Singh. His father & uncles were the members of the Ghadar Party.
He studied in the Dayanand Anglo Vedic high school unlike the Sikh of his age who attended Khalsa high school since his grandfather did not approve the official’s loyalty to the British government.
Revolutionary Activities
The Simon Commission was set up by the British Government to study the political situation of the Indian subcontinent, but it was boycotted by some Indian political parties since there were no Indians in its membership. Lala Lajpat Rai led a protest on 20th October 1928 in Lahore against the commission, the police under the order of James A Scott lathi-charged to disperse the crowd.
In the charge Lala Lajpat Rai was assaulted and injured, he died due to a heart attack on 17th November 1928. Singh vowed to avenge Rai’s death and conspired with revolutionaries like Shivram Rajguru, Sukhdev Thapar and Chandrashekhar Azad to kill Scott. However, in case of mistaken identity, they killed John P Saunders who was leaving the District Police Headquarters. The murder was condemned by Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru.
The police blocked all the exit to and from the city, the CID kept a close watch on young men leaving Lahore. Singh & Rajguru with the help of a Durgawati Devi wife of another HRA member Bhagwati Charan Vohra. Singh cut his hair & shaved his beard and wore a hat and dressed western attire. Singh with Durgawati & her child posed as a young couple and Rajguru carried their luggage and posed as their servant. They boarded a train to Lucknow and escaped Lahore.
1929 Assembly incident
He proposed a dramatic act to HRSA inspired by Auguste Valliant a French anarchist who bombed Chamber of Deputies in Paris. He was determined to explode a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly. The HRSA leadership was initially opposed to Singh’s participation but eventually decided he was the most suitable candidate.
On 8th April 1929, two bombs were thrown in the Assembly Chamber from the public gallery by Bhagat Singh & Batukeshwar Dutt. The bombs were designed not to kill, but some of the members were injured. Even though the bomb filled the assembly with smoke, Bhagat Singh & Batukeshwar Dutt could easily have escaped they stayed, threw leaflets and shouted the slogan “Inquilab Zindabad”. They both were arrested and moved through various jails in Delhi.
Assembly case TRIAL
Some of the conspirators became informants which lead to new information, with the help of which Police were able to connect the three strands of Saunders murder, Assembly Bombing, and bomb manufacture. Singh, Sukhdev, Rajguru and 21 other members were charged with Saunders murder.
Hunger strike and Lahore Conspiracy Case:
By placing different kinds of food items in the prison cells the government tried to test the resolve of the prisoners. They also filled the pitchers with milk so that other prisoners remained thirsty or broke their strike. The impasse continued as no one faltered. The officials even tried to force-feed but with no result.
Jatindra Nath Das one of the prisoners who were on hunger strike, his health deteriorated and died after 63 days of hunger strike. Almost all national leaders in the country paid tribute to Das’s death.
A successful adjournment motion in the Central Assembly as a censure against the “Inhumane treatment” of the Lahore prisoners was moved by Nehru. Bhagat Singh heeded the resolution of Congress party and on his father’s request ended the hunger strike after 116 days.
Special Tribunal
To speed up the trial, the Viceroy Lord Irwin declared an emergency and set up a special tribunal composed of three high court judges for the case. The tribunal delivered its judgment based on the evidence and sentenced Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev to be hanged till death. The defense committee planned to appeal to the Privy Council by claiming the tribunal created was invalid. The appeal was dismissed.
Execution
The execution was widely reported by the press, especially as they took place on the eve of the annual convention of the Congress party at Karachi. A black flag demonstration was carried out in front of Gandhi by the angry youth chanting “Down with Gandhi”. There were theories that Gandhi had an opportunity to stop Singh’s execution but refrained from doing so.
Death
Bhagat Singh was found guilty for killing a British officer and was hanged on March 23, 1931.
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Explanation:
"BHAGAT SINGH"
A freedom fighter, he was considered to be one of the most famous revolutionaries of the Bharatiya Independence movement. For this reason, he is often referred to as 'Shaheed' (martyr) Bhagat Singh. At such a young age, if anyone was smiling just before being hanged to death, it was Martyr Bhagat Singh. His uncle, Sardar Ajit Singh, as well as his father, were great freedom fighters, so Bhagat Singh grew up in a patriotic atmosphere. At an early age, Bhagat Singh started dreaming of uprooting the British empire. Never afraid of fighting during his childhood, he thought of 'growing guns in the fields', so that he could fight the British. The Ghadar Movement left a deep imprint on his mind. Kartar Singh Sarabha, hanged at the age of 19, became his hero. The massacre at Jallianwala Bagh on 13th April, 1919 drove him to Amritsar, where he kissed the earth sanctified by the martyrs' blood and brought back home a little of the soaked soil. At the age of 16, he used to wonder why so many Bharatiyas could not drive away a fistful of invaders.
In search of revolutionary groups and ideas, he met Sukhdev and Rajguru. Bhagat Singh, along with the help of Chandrashekhar Azad, formed the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA). The aim of this Bharatiya revolutionary movement was now defined as not only to make Bharat independent, but also to create a socialist Bharat.