essay on the structure of the Earth about 300 words
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The structure of the Earth is divided into layers. These layers are both physically and chemically different. The Earth has an outer solid crust, a highly viscous mantle, a liquid outer core, and a solid inner core.The shape of the earth is an oblate spheroid, because it is slightly flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator
The boundaries between these layers were discovered by seismographs which showed the way vibrations bounced off the layers during earthquakes. Between the Earth's crust and the mantle is a boundary called the moho. It was the first discovery of a major change in the Earth's structure as one goes deeper.
The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth. It is made of solid rocks. It is mostly made of the lighter elements, silicon, oxygen, aluminium. Because of this, it is known as sial(silicon = Si; aluminium = Al) or felsic.
The mantle is the layer of the Earth right below the crust. It is made mostly of oxygen, silicon and the heavier element magnesium. It is known as sima (Si for silicon + ma for magnesium) or mafic. The mantle itself is divided into layers.
The uppermost part of the mantle is solid, and forms the base of the crust. It is made of the heavy rock peridotite. The continental and oceanic plates include both the crust proper and this uppermost solid layer of the mantle. Together this mass makes up the lithosphere. The lithosphere plates float on the semi-liquid aesthenosphere below.
Upper aesthenosphere: magma
Lower aesthenosphere
Lower mantle
The Earth's core is made of solid iron and nickel, and is about 5000–6000oC.
Outer core is a liquid layer below the mantle,
Inner core, is the very center of the Earth. It is very hot and, due to the high pressure, it is solid.[1]
A full explanation of these effects is not yet clear. It seems that with the increasing heat and pressure comes changes in the crystallization of minerals, so that the composition might be a kind of changing mixture of liquid and crystals.
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The boundaries between these layers were discovered by seismographs which showed the way vibrations bounced off the layers during earthquakes. Between the Earth's crust and the mantle is a boundary called the moho. It was the first discovery of a major change in the Earth's structure as one goes deeper.
The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth. It is made of solid rocks. It is mostly made of the lighter elements, silicon, oxygen, aluminium. Because of this, it is known as sial(silicon = Si; aluminium = Al) or felsic.
The mantle is the layer of the Earth right below the crust. It is made mostly of oxygen, silicon and the heavier element magnesium. It is known as sima (Si for silicon + ma for magnesium) or mafic. The mantle itself is divided into layers.
The uppermost part of the mantle is solid, and forms the base of the crust. It is made of the heavy rock peridotite. The continental and oceanic plates include both the crust proper and this uppermost solid layer of the mantle. Together this mass makes up the lithosphere. The lithosphere plates float on the semi-liquid aesthenosphere below.
Upper aesthenosphere: magma
Lower aesthenosphere
Lower mantle
The Earth's core is made of solid iron and nickel, and is about 5000–6000oC.
Outer core is a liquid layer below the mantle,
Inner core, is the very center of the Earth. It is very hot and, due to the high pressure, it is solid.[1]
A full explanation of these effects is not yet clear. It seems that with the increasing heat and pressure comes changes in the crystallization of minerals, so that the composition might be a kind of changing mixture of liquid and crystals.
HOPE IT WILL HELP YOU
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Answer:
About 2,500 million years ago the Earth on which we live was a ball of gas which, on cooling, grew smaller and became liquid. The liquid continued to cool giving off some of its heat by radiation. When liquids grow colder, they solidify. The crust of the Earth is the solid matter resulting from this cooling, but probably inside the Earth there is still a mass of molten material which has not cooled as much as the outer crust.
The crust on which we live and from which we obtain almost everything, is not rigid. Volcanoes such as Etna and Stromboli in the Italian islands remind us from time to time of the force and heat below the ground. Various places on the Earthare subject to earthquakes, the country that has suffered the most from these being Japan. The study of earthquakes has shown that the origin of many of them is under the bottom of the sea and near the coast of a continent or a large island. In an earthquake the surface of the land may move suddenly in any direction, bringing houses down, changing a straight railway track into a useless zigzag, altering the courses of rivers, changing the shapes of hills, and sometimes causing an immense sea-wave to rush on the nearest shore and add to the destruction. This tidal wave, as it is called, is wrongly named because it has nothing to do with the tide.
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