Essay on the topic nuclear and indrustrial accident
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Nuclear Accident
On February 28, 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) published its health risk assessment from the nuclear accident after the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami. This report concluded that for the general population inside and outside of Japan, the predicted risks are low and no observable increases in cancer rates above baseline rates are expected. The assessment is based on preliminary dose estimations, published by the WHO in May 2012 , which were strictly criticized by the German Section of IPPNW, independent researchers, and Japanese civil organizations. This analysis will discuss main objections to the current WHO report and shows why it should not be considered a neutral scientific assessment of the actual health risks of the affected population, nor a reasonable basis for future decisions and recommendations.
The main point of criticism to this report has to be the fact that the health risk assessment is based on dose assessments, which are ambiguous, if not to say plain wrong. The source term estimates (the total emission of radioactive particles) used in the WHO report were significantly lower than those of independent research institutions and in some cases also lower than Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO)’s own measurements. The exposure of the population living in the 20km zone around the nuclear plant was omitted, even though this population may have been exposed to high levels of iodine-131 before and during the chaotic evacuations. The quantity and selection of food samples used in the calculations of the internal radiation dose were shown to be inadequate and in contrast to samples published by the Japanese authorities. Finally and crucially, the report was mainly composed by scientists working for organizations with stakes in the continued and profitable utilization of nuclear energy, casting doubts on the neutrality of the report’s findings. All of these detailed points of criticism can be found in the report by IPPNW Germany entitled ‘Analysis of WHO report on Fukushima catastrophe’. No matter how expertly undertaken, a calculation of health risks can only be as exact as the assumptions that it is based on. An assessment that relies on data, whose reasonableness has to be questioned on the grounds of lacking neutrality, selective sampling, distortion and omission of relevant facts, cannot be accepted by the scientific community as a basis on which to make health recommendations.
Industrial Accident
In every industry, there are risks everywhere. One of the risks is accident in industry. Accident that will occurred in industry such as machinery breakdown, the un long lasting raw material that have less quality, efficiency of the worker, lack of usable equipment, having problem with the suppliers, lots of debtors and creditors in every transaction of the business, unproductive marketing system and also having difficulties with the building that were not properly maintained.
With the accidents occurred as above will caused the inefficiency of the companyâs performance. The company will be facing some problem such as late of delivery for the companyâs products due to the lack of efficiency of the workers, lots of unsatisfied customers due to the lack of quality of the raw materials used for the products and also the company will having problems with running their business due to the lots of debtors and creditors in each transactions that will affect their daily business.
The accidents that occurred in the company are just like a domino in our daily life. When there is one accident occurred, another accident will be occurred next. Just like a domino, when one of the dominos falls, it triggers the another domino, and the other and other until the last one of the domino, but the falling over of the domino can be avoided by removing a key factor such as a risky condition or a risky act that prevents the start of the chain reactions.
Heinrich, the one who developed the domino theory in 1931, presented in 1959 his study which documented the first scientific method of injury prevention and the effects of accidental injury causation. He also stressed that the majority of accidents were caused by individual characteristics and behavior. An individualâs personal traits or behavior, being either inherited or acquired, will make them more inclined to risk taking.