essay on topic natural vegitation and wild life of kerala and himachal pradesh
Answers
Explanation:
kerala is the best ngl
Answer:
Vegetation of Himachal Pradesh
The Forests of Himachal Pradesh known for their grandeur and majesty are like a green pearl in the Himalayan crown.
This life supporting systems are presently under great stress due to impact of modern civilization, economic development and growth in human and cattle population.
According to National Forest Policy, 1988, at least two third of the geographical area should be under forest in the hilly states like Himachal Pradesh.
However, keeping in view that about 20 % of the area is inaccessible and beyond the tree limit, the State Government aims to bring 50% of the geographical area under forest cover.
The forests of the State have been classified on an ecological basis as laid down by Champion and Seth, and can be broadly classified into Coniferous Forests and broad-leaved Forests.
Distribution of various species follows fairly regular altitudinal stratification.
The vegetation varies from Dry Scrub Forests at lower altitudes to Alpine Pastures at higher altitudes.
In between these two extremes, distinct vegetational zones of Mixed Deciduous Forests, Bamboo, Chil, Oaks, Deodar, Kail, Fir and Spruce, are found.
The richness and diversity of our flora can be gauged from the fact that, out of total 45,000 species found in the country as many as 3,295 species (7.32%) are reported in the State.
More than 95% of the species are endemic to Himachal Pradesh and characteristic of Western Himalayan flora, while about 5% (150 species) are exotic, introduced over the last 150 years.
The forests of Himachal Pradesh are rich in vascular flora, which forms the conspicuous vegetation cover.
Out of total 45,000 species of plants found in the country as many as 3,295 species (7.32%) are reported in the State.
More than 95% of species are endemic to Himachal and characteristic of Western Himalayan flora, while about 5% (150 species) are exotic introduced over the last 150 years.
Forest Cover As we move from lower to higher altitude in the state, variation in vegetation pattern can be noticed easily.
Dry scrub vegetations are prominent at lower altitude, alpine meadows at higher altitude.
Dry deciduous forest, moist deciduous forest, pine, oak, and deodar mixed coniferous and temperate broadleaved forest zones are found in between these two extremes.
Altogether, 20 different vegetation zones can be identified in the state. Generally, these vegetation zones are synchronous to altitudinal stratification.
Micro-climatic changes, due to the effect of slope and aspect, break the continuity in vegetation zones in some part of the state.
Types of Forest
The forest of Himachal Pradesh are characterized by temperate conifer, mixed forest (moist and dry temperate forest), subalpine forest, tropical forest (moist deciduous, swamp, and subtropical pine forest) and broad-leaved forest (tropical dry deciduous and subtropical dry evergreen forest). The forests of Himachal can be classified into nine forest types
Dry Alpine Forests:
These are found in the Lahaul, Spiti, Kinnaur, and Pangi region of Chamba district. Extensive alpine pastures are the characteristic feature of this forest
Vegetation of Himachal Pradesh
type.
These alpine pastures are generally devoid of trees. Some junipers and birches can be found along the river margins, or in watery patches of rocks, due to scarcity of precipitation.
The pastures support large herds of sheep and goats during the summer months and remain snow-covered during winter.
Moist Alpine Scrub Forests:
These are found above the tree line and consist of evergreen scrub growth forming a dense cover in patches, and broken by grasses in-between.
The flora is fairly rich, and medicinal plants grow in a narrow zone at the margin of melting glaciers.
Subalpine Forests:
These are found above the altitude of 3,500 m and below the alpine scrub forest. These types of forests are covered with rhododendrons and junipers.
The lower linings are marked with blue pine forest and deciduous scrub.
Parkland, which is characterized by grasslands scattered with misshapen, stunted trees of kharsu oaks, maples, etc., are used as grazing grounds by the migratory herds of sheep and goats.
Himalayan Temperate Forests of Vegetation of Himachal Pradesh:
These are occupy a large area of the state between 1,500 and 3,000 m. These forests are further sub-grouped into
Himalayan moist temperate forests,
Dry temperate forests,
Temperate coniferous forests, and
Temperate deciduous forests.
The moist temperate forests are the most valuable timber forests of the state.
The area contains scattered trees and bushes such as chilgoza pine, willow, robinia, poplars and alpine pastures.
Deodar is the dominant species of the temperate coniferous forest.
Wet Temperate Forests of Vegetation of Himachal Pradesh:
Explanation:
plz mark me as brainliest