Essay on : wild life preservation
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India's flora and fauna is matchless. In richness, variety and abundance it has hardly any parallel. India's great latitudinal spread encompassing a wide range of temperature conditions, maies it rich and varied in flora and fauna. The Western Himalanyan region, extending from Kumaun to Kashmir, is made up of three zones-alpine, temperate and lower. The temperate zone is rich in chirpine, deodar, spruce, silver fir and forests of conifers. The alpine zone which extends from the upper limit of the temperate zone about 4,750 meters or even higher, is characterized by high level silver fir, the silver birch and junipers.
The eastern Himalayan region has about 4000 species for flowering plants along with several varieties of palm. Many laurls, maples, alders, birch, conifers and junipers also flourish there. Rhododendrons, drawf willows and bamboos also abound. In the Gangetic plains forests of widely different types occur but salforests predominate. The vegetation of Brahmaputra valley of Assam and intervening hills is luxuriant and is characterized by tall grass, broad-leaved forests and thick clumps of bamboo.
Palms of many kinds are endemic to the entire table-land of the Indian peninsula. The Malabar area covering the west coast and the mountains of the Western Ghats, is rich in tropical vegetation. These forest areas abound in such hard wood as rose wood, iron wood, teack and also in numerous kinds of soft wood bamboos. In the outlying Islands of Andamans and Nicobar there are a variety of forests.
The number of species of flowering plants in the country is about 15,000. There are about 35,000 non-flowering plants. The rich variety of fauna is in direct relation to the abundance and opulence of the flora.Both are interlinked and independent in many ways. The flora depend on the fauna for its fertilization, propagation and spread while the latter's existence and survival depend on the former.
There are about 350 species of mammals and 1,200 species of birds. More than 30,000 species of insects, apart from great variety of reptiles and fishes are also there.
India is very rich in bird life also. The Indian peacock, with its splendid blue plumage, is the national bird. Several other species such as duck, pheasants, partridges, pigeons,mynahs,bulbuls,cranes, etc. are familiar sight. The rivers and lakes harbour crocodiles, gharials and a large variety of indigenous fish. Trout is common in hill streams and the masher in most of the large rivers.
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The eastern Himalayan region has about 4000 species for flowering plants along with several varieties of palm. Many laurls, maples, alders, birch, conifers and junipers also flourish there. Rhododendrons, drawf willows and bamboos also abound. In the Gangetic plains forests of widely different types occur but salforests predominate. The vegetation of Brahmaputra valley of Assam and intervening hills is luxuriant and is characterized by tall grass, broad-leaved forests and thick clumps of bamboo.
Palms of many kinds are endemic to the entire table-land of the Indian peninsula. The Malabar area covering the west coast and the mountains of the Western Ghats, is rich in tropical vegetation. These forest areas abound in such hard wood as rose wood, iron wood, teack and also in numerous kinds of soft wood bamboos. In the outlying Islands of Andamans and Nicobar there are a variety of forests.
The number of species of flowering plants in the country is about 15,000. There are about 35,000 non-flowering plants. The rich variety of fauna is in direct relation to the abundance and opulence of the flora.Both are interlinked and independent in many ways. The flora depend on the fauna for its fertilization, propagation and spread while the latter's existence and survival depend on the former.
There are about 350 species of mammals and 1,200 species of birds. More than 30,000 species of insects, apart from great variety of reptiles and fishes are also there.
India is very rich in bird life also. The Indian peacock, with its splendid blue plumage, is the national bird. Several other species such as duck, pheasants, partridges, pigeons,mynahs,bulbuls,cranes, etc. are familiar sight. The rivers and lakes harbour crocodiles, gharials and a large variety of indigenous fish. Trout is common in hill streams and the masher in most of the large rivers.
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Like forests, wildlife is also a national resource, which not only helps in maintaining the ecological balance but is also beneficial from economic, recreational and aesthetic points of view. There was a time when human interference was minimum the number of wild animals was quite high and there was no problem of their protection or conservation. But, with the expansion of agriculture, settlement, industrial and other developmental activities and mainly due to greed of man, the number of wild animals gradually became lesser and lesser. With the result that several species of animals have become extinct and several, others are on the verge of being so.
Deforestation is also one of the main reasons for the loss of wildlife. Mass killings of wild animals for their meat, bones, fur, teeth, hair, skin, etc., are going on throughout the world. Therefore, the need for wildlife conservation has now become a necessity.
Population growth, expansion of agriculture and livestock raising building of cities and roads, and pollution are among the many pressures on the natural habitat of wildlife. Along with illegal hunting, habitat reduction and its degradation has threatened the bio-diversity of the regions where these are rampant.
Preservation of wildlife does not mean a blanket protection to all faunal and floral species; rather, it implies a proper, judicious control over the multiplication of plants and animals, which interact together to provide a proper environment to man whose very existence is in peril today.
Due to the irrational use of natural and biotic resources of the earth in the past, most of the wildlife has been destroyed beyond retrieval. It is our urgent duty to protect the natural splendor of ecosystems and to evolve a system of co-existence with every living creature upon the earth.
Although must countries of the world are very particular regarding conservation of wildlife, the number of wild animals is reducing day by day. World Wild Life Fund is the international agency, which is doing commendable work in promoting the protection of wildlife. There are national agencies also engaged in the conservation of wildlifeSome steps in the direction of wildlife conservation could be as follows:
(i) To survey and collect all the information about wildlife, especially, their number and growth.
(ii) To protect habitat by protecting forests.
(iii) To delimit the areas of their natural habitat.
(iv) To protect wildlife from pollution and from natural hazards.
(v) To impose complete restriction on hunting and capturing of wildlife.
(vi) To impose restrictions on export and import of wildlife products and severe punishment to be given to those who indulge in this activity.
(vii) To develop game sanctuaries for specific wild animals or for general world life.
Deforestation is also one of the main reasons for the loss of wildlife. Mass killings of wild animals for their meat, bones, fur, teeth, hair, skin, etc., are going on throughout the world. Therefore, the need for wildlife conservation has now become a necessity.
Population growth, expansion of agriculture and livestock raising building of cities and roads, and pollution are among the many pressures on the natural habitat of wildlife. Along with illegal hunting, habitat reduction and its degradation has threatened the bio-diversity of the regions where these are rampant.
Preservation of wildlife does not mean a blanket protection to all faunal and floral species; rather, it implies a proper, judicious control over the multiplication of plants and animals, which interact together to provide a proper environment to man whose very existence is in peril today.
Due to the irrational use of natural and biotic resources of the earth in the past, most of the wildlife has been destroyed beyond retrieval. It is our urgent duty to protect the natural splendor of ecosystems and to evolve a system of co-existence with every living creature upon the earth.
Although must countries of the world are very particular regarding conservation of wildlife, the number of wild animals is reducing day by day. World Wild Life Fund is the international agency, which is doing commendable work in promoting the protection of wildlife. There are national agencies also engaged in the conservation of wildlifeSome steps in the direction of wildlife conservation could be as follows:
(i) To survey and collect all the information about wildlife, especially, their number and growth.
(ii) To protect habitat by protecting forests.
(iii) To delimit the areas of their natural habitat.
(iv) To protect wildlife from pollution and from natural hazards.
(v) To impose complete restriction on hunting and capturing of wildlife.
(vi) To impose restrictions on export and import of wildlife products and severe punishment to be given to those who indulge in this activity.
(vii) To develop game sanctuaries for specific wild animals or for general world life.
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