Essay the role of philosophers in French revolution.
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Answer:
Explanation:
In the 18th century French people gave up conventional thoughts and began adopting the enlightened views and outlook. The rationalism and the spirit of free enquiry reinforced by Renaissance reached its apex in the 18th century. Prominent French intellectuals carried the cause of enlightenment forward like Montesquieu; Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot, Quesnay, Tourge and D ‘Alembert. These philosophers infused independent thinking among the people. The French philosophers took a leading part in the exposition of the rationalist spirit of the age. They directed their free enquiry upon the existing institutions of France. Reason was the medium of their test. The philosophers exposed the defects of all institutions and customs found in their writing. The intellectual movement of that time applied scientific outlook on life. The main aspect of their thought was the establishment of a liberal, progressive and ideal society. They supported the cause of laissez-faire, elimination of prevalent disparity in taxation and the rights of autonomy in administration. They laid bare inequality, exploitation, cruelty, religious intolerance, corrupt and absolute monarchy, financial restrictions etc. They revealed the hollowness of the French institutions through satire and humor, criticism and scientific explanation.
Question :-
Write about the three main french philosophers and their role in french revolution 1789
Answer :-
The role of philosophers in the French revolution are as follows :-
(1) During 18 th century , France had many revolutionary thinkers.Among them were Voltaire , Rousseau , Montesquieu and Dederot .Their revolutionary ideas helped the people to fight for their rights .
(2) They exposed the inefficiency of the monarch and and his government.
(3)Voltaire's ideas encouraged people to fight against the privileges and finance of the Church without guilt.
(4) John Locke propounded the ideas refuting divinity and absolute rights of monarch.
(5) Montesquieu believed that all the powers should not be concentrated in one person's hand.
(6)Rousseau asserted the doctrine of democracy and popular sovereignty. He believed that the government should be based on the consent if the governed .He wrote a book known as " Social Contract" .
(7) Thus the ideas of the philosophers were a direct attack on privileges and feudal rights which protected the upper classes. They played a vital role in bringing about the revolution.
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