Exam ld.
EMP20201000329495
Total Questions:
11 ) Which statement of quality was stated by quality guru
Dr.J.M. Juran?
A) Quality should be aimed
B) Quality is fitness for use
C) Quality is value for money
D) Quality is conformance to requirement
Answers
Answer:
Philip Crosby:
The Four Absolutes of Quality Management:
Quality is conformance to requirements
Quality prevention is preferable to quality inspection
Zero defects is the quality performance standard
Quality is measured in monetary terms – the price of non-conformance
14 Steps to Quality Improvement:
Management is committed to quality – and this is clear to all
Create quality improvement teams – with (senior) representatives from all departments.
Measure processes to determine current and potential quality issues.
Calculate the cost of (poor) quality
Raise quality awareness of all employees
Take action to correct quality issues
Monitor progress of quality improvement – establish a zero defects committee.
Train employees in quality improvement
Hold “zero defects” days
Encourage employees to create their own quality improvement goals
Encourage employee communication with management about obstacles to quality
Recognize participants’ effort
Create quality councils
Do it all over again – quality improvement does not end
Dr. Edwards Deming
Deming’s Fourteen Obligations of Top Management
Create constancy of purpose for improvement of product and service. Allocate resources to provide for long range needs rather than only short term profitability
Adopt the new philosophy. We can no longer live with commonly accepted levels of delays, mistakes, defective materials, and defective workmanship.
Cease dependency on mass inspection to achieve quality. Quality is achieved by building quality into the product in the first place.
End the practice of awarding business on the basis of price tag alone. The aim is to minimize total cost, not merely initial cost. Establish long term relationship with suppliers to develop loyalty and trust.
Improve constantly and forever every process for planning, production, and service. It is management’s job to work continually on improving total system.
Institute training on the job for all, including management, to make better use of every employee. New skills are required to keep up with changes in products and processes.
Adopt and institute leadership aimed at helping people do a better job. Management must ensure that immediate action taken on issues that are detrimental to quality.
Drive out fear so that everybody may work effectively and more productively for the company.
Break down barriers between departments and staff areas. Everyone must work together to tackle problems that may be encountered with products or service.
Eliminate slogans and exhortations for the work force as they create adversarial relationships. Also, bulk of the causes of low quality & productivity belong to the system and lie beyond the power of the work force.
Eliminate arbitrary numerical targets for the workforce and management. Substitute aids and helpful leadership in order to achieve continual improvement.
Remove barriers that rob people of pride of workmanship. This includes the annual appraisal of performance and Management by Objective.
Encourage education. Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement for everyone
Clearly define top management’s permanent commitment to ever improving quality and productivity. Put everybody in the company to work to accomplish the transformation. Support is not enough, action is required.
Dr. Armand Feigenbaum
Developed Total Quality Control (TQC) philosophy
Quote: “Quality is everybody’s job, but because it is everybody’s job, it can become nobody’s job without the proper leadership and organization.”
Steps to quality:
Quality leadership
Modern quality technology
Organizational commitment
Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa
Known as father of Japanese quality control effort
Established concept of Company Wide Quality Control ( Process:
Plan – what changes are desirable? What data is needed?
Do – carry out the change or test decided upon
Check – observe the effects of the change or the test
Act – what we learned from the change should lead to improvement or activity
Referred to as the “Father of Statistical Quality Control”
Dr. Genichi Taguchi
The lack of quality should be measured as function of deviation from the nominal value of the quality characteristic. Thus, quality is best achieved by