Question

Examine the main aspects of indian national movement during the period between 1920 and 1935 ?

Answer 1

Following are the main aspects of the Indian National Movement between 1920-1935 :

(i) Beginning of Mass Movement after Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.

(ii) Application of Satyagraha to Mass Movement, new methods to protest, boycott, picketing, renunciation of titles, and non-payment of taxes.

(iii) People of different sections and parts shared a common bond of resistance—united in their hatred against the British rule.

(iv) Industrialists led by Purshottamdas, Thakurdas and G. D. Birla criticized colonialism.

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Answer 2

• The non-cooperation movement - Khilafat movement begin in Jan 1921. Various social groups participated in this movement, each with its own specific aspirations.

• In Feb 1922, Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-cooperation movement. He felt the movement was turning violent in many areas.

• The new tory govt in Britain constituted a statutory commission under Sir John Simon. It was greeted with a slogan when it arrived in India in 1928. All parties including the Congress & the Muslim league, participated in the demonstrations.

• The viceroy Lord Irwin, announced in Oct 1929, a vague offer of "dominion status" for India.

• In Dec 1929, under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore congress formalised the demand of 'Purna Swaraj'.

• On 31 Jan 1930, Gandhi sent an ultimatum to viceroy Irwin stating 11 demands. As Irwin was unwilling to negotiate, Gandhiji started his famous salt march marking the beginning of CDM.

• However, Gandhiji once again decided to call off the movement & entered into a pact with Irwin on 5 March 1931.

• With great apprehension, Gandhiji relaunched the CDM. For over a year, the movement continued, but by1934 it lost all its momentum.

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