Question

Example of paid and unpaid work done by women in both public and private space

Answer 1

Answer:

It is generally and quite correctly argued that within an economy, women’s work participation is determined by several factors such as age, education level, skill levels, wages, household income level, marital status and several other economic, socio-political and cultural factors. However, while these do determine the necessary conditions for women to enter the workforce, that is mostly the supply side factors of women’s employment, the issue of whether women workers are able to participate in ‘gainful economic activities’ depends greatly on the degree of women’s access to the labour markets.

Several barriers exist for women to access the labour markets. The most important barrier cited by Marxist feminist scholars has been the historically determined sexual division of labour with the advent of private property. Engels in ‘The Origin of Family, Private Property and the State’ has argued that women’s oppression rests on the relationship between the sexual division of labor and the mode of production. He argues that the rigidities of the sexual division of labour was non-existent in the pre-class societies. However this underwent a fundamental transformation with the onset of class society, which is to say that with the development of private property, men tended to take up jobs which were ‘heavy-duty’, (involving larger amount of physical labour) and women were relegated to the roles of the reproductive sphere.

As the site of production shifted away from the household, women were required to play a much more central role in reproduction as increases in agricultural productivity also led to an increase in the demand for labour and women were confined to rigid reproductive roles more than ever. There are also many other historical documentation which shows us that women have ingeniously been stereotyped as a caretaker of the economy, slowly and gradually pushing her into the ‘unpaid care economy’, which for a long time, kept women preoccupied in the reproductive economy, without acknowledging the huge contributions that she simultaneously made to the productive economy.

Explanation:

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