Question

Exceptions of cell theory?​

Answer 1

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Exceptions to cell theory are 

1. Viruses: They contain only genetic material. Protoplasm is absent. Active or show signs of life only in a living cell

2. Coenocytic organisms: Vaucheria and fungi belonging to Phycomycetes are filamentous with continuous protoplasm and many nuclei, that is the filament is not divided typically into cells, with single nucleus that undergo division periodically.

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Answer 2

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$\ast$ ᴠɪʀᴜsᴇs ᴅᴏ ɴᴏᴛ ᴘᴏssᴇss ᴀ ⠀ ᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ ᴍᴀᴄʜɪɴᴇʀʏ. ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴄᴏɴsɪsᴛ ᴏғ ᴀ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇɪᴄ ᴀᴄɪᴅ (ᴅɴᴀ & ʀɴᴀ) ᴄᴏʀᴇ sᴜʀʀᴏᴜɴᴅᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴀ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇɪɴ sʜᴇᴀᴛʜ ᴀɴᴅ ᴀʀᴇ ᴄᴏɴsɪᴅᴇʀᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ʙᴇ ᴀɴ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪsᴍ.

$\ast$ ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴏᴅɪᴇs ᴏғ ᴄᴇʀᴛᴀɪɴ ғᴜɴɢɪ ᴀʀᴇ ᴍᴀᴅᴇ ᴜᴘ ᴏғ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴏᴘʟᴀsᴍ ᴀɴᴅ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇɪ.

$\ast$ ʀʙᴄs ᴀɴᴅ sɪᴇᴠᴇ ᴛᴜʙᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟs ᴄᴏɴᴛɪɴᴜᴇ ᴛᴏ ʟɪᴠᴇ ᴡɪᴛʜᴏᴜᴛ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs ᴀɴᴅ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴠɪᴛᴀʟ ᴏʀɢᴀɴᴇʟʟᴇs.

$\ast$ʙᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴀ ᴀɴᴅ ʙʟᴜᴇ-ɢʀᴇᴇɴ ᴀʟɢᴀᴇ ᴅᴏ ɴᴏᴛ ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴀɴ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪsᴇᴅ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs. ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ɢᴇɴᴇᴛɪᴄ ᴍᴀᴛᴇʀɪᴀʟ (ᴅɴᴀ) ɪs ɴᴀᴋᴇᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴏʀɢᴀɴᴇʟʟᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴀʙsᴇɴᴛ.

⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀

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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀ ⠀${\purple{\overline{\purple{\overline{\purple{\underline{\purple{\underline{\blue{\boxed{\mathtt{\orange{Brainly\:\:Booster}}}}}}}}}}}}}$

⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀

${\Large{\underline{\mathrm{Cell\:\: Theory :}}}}$

ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴛʜᴇᴏʀʏ sᴀʏs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟs ғᴏʀᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴜɴᴅᴀᴍᴇɴᴛᴀʟ sᴛʀᴜᴄᴛᴜʀᴀʟ ᴀɴᴅ ғᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴜɴɪᴛs ᴏғ ᴀʟʟ ʟɪᴠɪɴɢ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪsᴍs; ᴘʀᴏᴘᴏsᴇᴅ ɪɴ 1838 ʙʏ ᴍᴀᴛᴛʜɪᴀs sᴄʜʟᴇɪᴅᴇɴ ᴀɴᴅ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇᴏᴅᴏʀ sᴄʜᴡᴀɴɴ.

ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴛʜᴇᴏʀʏ ɪs ᴀ ᴛʜᴇᴏʀʏ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ɪɴᴛʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴘᴇʀᴛɪᴇs ᴏғ ᴄᴇʟʟ.ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴛʜᴇᴏʀʏ sᴀʏs ᴛʜᴀᴛ:

• ᴄᴇʟʟ ɪs ᴛʜᴇ sᴛʀᴜᴄᴛᴜʀᴀʟ ᴀɴᴅ ғᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴜɴɪᴛ ᴏғ ʟɪғᴇ.

• ᴀʟʟ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪsᴍs ᴀʀᴇ ᴍᴀᴅᴇ ᴜᴘ ᴏғ ᴛᴡᴏ ᴏʀ ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟs.

• ᴀʟʟ ᴄᴇʟʟs ᴅᴇᴠᴇʟᴏᴘ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴘʀᴇ-ᴇxɪsᴛɪɴɢ ᴄᴇʟʟs.