Question

Excessive irrigation and the chemical application have impacted agriculture and environment in what ways?

Answer 1

Answer:(a) Excess of water in soil results in water logging condition which adversely affects soil aeration. It inhibits the process of germination of seeds. Roots do not grow properly in a standing water field and destroy standing crops

(b) Chemicals are applied to the crops in the form of fertilisers and pesticides. Excessive use pollutes water causing damage to aquatic life.

Explanation:

Answer 2

Answer:

The environmental impact of agriculture is the effect that different farming practices have on the ecosystems around them, and how those effects can be traced back to those practices. The environmental impact of agriculture varies based on the wide variety of agricultural practices employed around the world. Ultimately, the environmental impact depends on the production practices of the system used by farmers. The connection between emissions into the environment and the farming system is indirect, as it also depends on other climate variables such as rainfall and temperature. Some other factors can include types of machinery used for agriculture purposes as well as the farmer's choice of how they handle their livestock.

There are two types of indicators of environmental impact: "means-based", which is based on the farmer's production methods, and "effect-based", which is the impact that farming methods have on the farming system or on emissions to the environment. An example of a means-based indicator would be the quality of groundwater, that is effected by the amount of nitrogen applied to the soil. An indicator reflecting the loss of nitrate to groundwater would be effect-based. The means-based evaluation looks at farmers' practices of agriculture, and the effect-based evaluation considers the actual effects of the agricultural system. For example, the means-based analysis might look at pesticides and fertilization methods that farmers are using, and effect-based analysis would consider how much CO2 is being emitted or what the Nitrogen content of the soil is.

The environmental impact of agriculture involves a variety of factors from the soil, to water, the air, animal and soil variety, people, plants, and the food itself. Some of the environmental issues that are related to agriculture are climate change, deforestation, dead zones, genetic engineering, irrigation problems, pollutants, soil degradation, and waste.