☛ Explain :-
(a.) First law of Thermodynamics.
(b.) Second law of thermodynamics.
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♠ ANSWER :
❇ FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS :
According to this law, energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but it can be transformed from one form to another, I. E, the energy of the isolated system is constant.
According to the mathematical statement of first law of thermodynamics, the change in the internal energy is the sum of the heat absorbed by the system and the work done on the system.
⏺️∆ U = q + w .
[ U = internal energy,
q = heat absorbed,
w = work done on the system ]
❇ SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS :
All spontaneous processes are accompanied by a net increase of entropy, I. E., for all spontaneous processes the total entropy change ( sum of entropy change of system and surrounding ) is always positive.
❇ FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS :
According to this law, energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but it can be transformed from one form to another, I. E, the energy of the isolated system is constant.
According to the mathematical statement of first law of thermodynamics, the change in the internal energy is the sum of the heat absorbed by the system and the work done on the system.
⏺️∆ U = q + w .
[ U = internal energy,
q = heat absorbed,
w = work done on the system ]
❇ SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS :
All spontaneous processes are accompanied by a net increase of entropy, I. E., for all spontaneous processes the total entropy change ( sum of entropy change of system and surrounding ) is always positive.
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ANSWER ......
☛ The Second Law of Thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics says that the entropy of any isolated system always increases. Isolated systems spontaneously evolve towards thermal equilibrium—the state of maximum entropy of the system. More simply put: the entropy of the universe (the ultimate isolated system) only increases and never decreases.
☛ The Third Law of Thermodynamics
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero. The entropy of a system at absolute zero is typically zero, and in all cases is determined only by the number of different ground states it has. Specifically, the entropy of a pure crystalline substance (perfect order) at absolute zero temperature is zero. This statement holds true if the perfect crystal has only one state with minimum energy.
☛ The Second Law of Thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics says that the entropy of any isolated system always increases. Isolated systems spontaneously evolve towards thermal equilibrium—the state of maximum entropy of the system. More simply put: the entropy of the universe (the ultimate isolated system) only increases and never decreases.
☛ The Third Law of Thermodynamics
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero. The entropy of a system at absolute zero is typically zero, and in all cases is determined only by the number of different ground states it has. Specifically, the entropy of a pure crystalline substance (perfect order) at absolute zero temperature is zero. This statement holds true if the perfect crystal has only one state with minimum energy.
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