Explain about Buddhist Influence on Rock-cut Architecture ?
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- Buddhist rock-cut temples and structures were often located near trade routes.
- Then became stopovers and lodging houses for traders.
- Their interiors became more and more elaborate as their endowments grew.
- A notable trait of rock-cut architecture is the crafting of rock to imitate timbered and carved wood.
- Cave temples have been well-preserved due to their hidden locations.
- They are constructed from stone, a far more durable material than wood, clay, or metal.
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Buddhism became the dominant religion in the 3rd to 2nd century B.C. There were three characteristic forms of Buddhist architecture which developed around this period – the monumental funerary mound or Stupa, hall of worship or the Chaitya and the monastery or Vihara. Since the Buddhist and Jain Monks usually stayed away from the cities and towns, therefore, Chaityas and Viharas were developed along the hillside.
Chaitya :-
- Chaityas were places of worship for Buddhist and Jain Monks. It had a rectangular prayer hall with stupa placed at the centre of the hall. Entire Chaitya had three divisions – Central Chaitya and two aisles.
- Central Chaitya was separated from the two aisles by a row of pillars. Internal walls of Chaityas were polished and the ending of Chaitya was apsidal in shape.
Vihara :-
- The Viharas or monasteries were excavated near Chaityas for the residence of monks in rainy seasons. The sculptors here depict various scenes from the life of the Buddha.
- An important point to note here is that Viharas, unlike Chaityas, did not have stupa.
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