Explain about direct and indirect speeches with examples.
Answers
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Direct Speech:
Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. We may be reporting something that's being said NOW (for example a telephone conversation), or telling someone later about a previous conversation.
Ex:-
1.She says, "What time will you be home?"
2.She said, "What time will you be home?" and I said, "I don't know! "
3."There's a fly in my soup!" screamed Simone.
4.John said, "There's an elephant outside the window."
Indirect Speech:-
Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Inverted commas are not used.
Ex:-
1.She said that she had seen him.
2.He said that he was tired.
3.She told him she was happy.
Answer:
We may express or narrate the words of a speaker in two ways :-
★ We may quote his actual words . This is called the Direct Speech .
Example :- Mr.Srinath said , "Indian batsmen have performed well in this match " . ( Direct Speech ) .
★ We may report what he said without quoting his exact words . This is called the Indirect Speech or Reported Speech .
Example :- Mr.Srinath said that Indian batsmen had performed well in that match . ( Indirect Speech ) .
Features of the direct Speech :-
- In direct Speech the exact words of the speaker are put within Inverted commas ( " " ) to mark off the speech . Of the speaker , of course in diolugues , Inverted commas are often left out .
- A comma is used after Reporting verbs of course , in diolugues , the Reporting verb and comma are not used .
- The first letter of the Direct Speech is a capital letter .
It can be noticed that , in changing the Direct Speech into Indirect Speech , certain grammatical changes have been made :-
Example :-
Direct Speech :- Mary said "I am very busy " .
Indirect speech :- Mary said that she was very busy .
- We have used the linker 'that' before the Reported Speech or Indirect statement .
- The pronoun 'I' is changed to 'she' .
- The verb 'am' is changed to 'was' .
When Direct Speech is changed into Indirect Speech , the following are changed according to certain rules discussed below :-
- Tenses
- Personal Pronouns ( I , you , etc. ) and possessive pronouns ( my , your , etc. )
- Words denoting nearness of time ( today , now , etc. ) and nearness of position ( this , here , etc. ) .