explain about typhoid,it's causative agent etc
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Typhoid is a bacterial infection that can affect several organs in the body. The disease is highly contagious and can be fatal if not treated on time. Find out how to spot the signs of a typhoid infection, how it is spread and the steps you can take to protect your family when travelling abroad.
Causes of Typhoid
Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi, a bacterium from the same genus that causes salmonella food poisoning.
Typhoid is spread through contact with infected people’s faeces and (occasionally) urine. This makes it very common in countries with poor sanitation, where human waste can find its way into sources of drinking water and the food chain.
If caught early, typhoid symptoms will usually be mild and clear up within two weeks. However without treatment, roughly one in five cases of typhoid is fatal, while those surviving may have permanent physical or mental disabilities. This is why a typhoid fever should be treated as quickly as possible with a course of antibiotics. Serious cases of typhoid will require hospital treatment and a course of antibiotic injections.
Symptoms of Typhoid
You may experience one or more of the following:
- High temperature: 39-40°C (103-104°F)
- Stomach pain
- Headache
- Constipation or diarrhoea
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Medically reviewed by University of Illinois — Written by Tim Newman on December 4, 2017
What is typhoid?
Symptoms
Treatment
Causes
Prevention
Typhoid is a bacterial infection that can lead to a high fever, diarrhea, and vomiting. It can be fatal. It is caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi.
The infection is often passed on through contaminated food and drinking water, and it is more prevalent in places where handwashing is less frequent. It can also be passed on by carriers who do not know they carry the bacteria.
Annually, there are around 5,700 cases in the United States, and 75 percent of these start while traveling internationally. Globally, around 21.5 million people a year contract typhoid.
If typhoid is caught early, it can be successfully treated with antibiotics; if it is not treated, typhoid can be fatal.
Fast facts on typhoid
Typhoid is a common bacterial infection in countries with low incomes.
Untreated, it is fatal in around 25 percent of cases.
Symptoms include a high fever and gastrointestinal problems.
Some people carry the bacteria without developing symptoms
Most cases reported in the United States are contracted overseas
The only treatment for typhoid is antibiotics
What is typhoid?
Typhoid is an infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhi).
The bacterium lives in the intestines and bloodstream of humans. It spreads between individuals by direct contact with the feces of an infected person.
No animals carry this disease, so transmission is always human to human.
If untreated, around 1 in 5 cases of typhoid can be fatal. With treatment, fewer than 4 in 100 cases are fatal.
S. typhi enters through the mouth and spends 1 to 3 weeks in the intestine. After this, it makes its way through the intestinal wall and into the bloodstream.
From the bloodstream, it spreads into other tissues and organs. The immune system of the host can do little to fight back because S. typhi can live within the host’s cells, safe from the immune system.
Typhoid is diagnosed by detecting the presence of S. typhi via blood, stool, urine, or bone marrow sample.
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