Explain about unification of Germany and Italy?
Answers
Answer:
A) UNIFICATION OF GERMANY & B) UNIFICATION OF ITALY.
Explanation:
A) Unification of Germany
✓It attempt to set up a constitutional monarchy at Frankfurt in 1848 was suppressed by the monarchy, Military and Junkers.
✓Prusssian Chief Minister Otto Von Bismarck takes the lead in German Unification.
✓He planned the unification with help of Prussian Army and Bureaucracy.
✓It ensured unficiation after 3 wars of France, Austria and Denmark over 7 years.
✓This process completed with crowning of Kaiser William I as King Of Germany.
B) Unficiation of Italy
✓Idea of unficiation given by Mazzini through his secret society called Young Italy.
✓The lead was taken by the King of Sardinia, Victor Emmanuel 2nd.
✓Count Cavour, Chief Minister of Sardinia led unficiation process by Alliance with France to defeat Austria and unity in Northern territories.
✓Guiseppi Garibaldi led the movement in Western Part by involving local powers support to attack Spanish Rule.
✓This process completed with crowning of Victor Emmanuel 2nd as a King Of Italy in 1861.
unification of Germany
In the mid-1800s, nationalist feelings were strong and engraved in the hearts of the middle-class Germans. They all came united in 1848 to create a nation-state out of the numerous German States. But the monarchy and the military members got together to repress them and they gained support from the landowners of Prussia (the Junkers) as well. Prussia then became the leader of the German unification movement. Chief Minister Otto von Bismarck at that time was the architect of the process with support from the Prussian army and Prussian bureaucracy.
Process of unification of Germany
Nationalist sentiments were often organised by conservatives for promoting state power and achieving political domination over Europe. This can be noted in the process by which Germany and Italy came to be unified as nation-states
Middle-class Germans tried to unite the different regions of German Confederation, but their plans were not took place due to actions of large landowners called Junkers of Prussia.
The unification process was concluded after Prussia won wars with Austria, Denmark, and France over seven years time.
In January 1871, the Prussian king, William I, was indicated the German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles. Three wars over the span of seven years with Austria, Denmark and France ended in a Prussian victory. In Jan 1871, Prussian King William I was proclaimed German emperor.
More importance was given to modernising the currency, banking, legal and judicial systems in Germany.
unification of Italy
ITALY’s unification process was the work of Giuseppe Garibaldi, Count Cavour, and Victory Emmanuel II, the 3 primary leaders.
Italy was divided into 7 states in which only the Sardinia-Piedmont region was ruled by the Princely House of Italy.
The northern region was controlled by the Austrian-Habsburg dynasty, the central region was governed by France’s Popes, and the southern region by Spain’s Bourbon kings.
With the secret societies founded by Mazzini, such as Young Italy and Young Europe, the unification of Italy began.
With his full tack of diplomacy with France, Count Cavour overcame the Austrians and liberated northern Italy.
Garibaldi defeated the Bourbon kings of Spain with his armed volunteers called red shirts, liberating the kingdom of two Sicilies.
The second victory of Emmanuel overcame the popes of France and liberated the southern area and completed the unification of Italy, and the Emperor of unified Italy was proclaimed.