Explain all the agents of gradation
Answers
Answer:
Gradation is the process that changes the surface features of the earth through agents suchas gravity, running water, waves, wind, and glaciers. Gradation includes erosion,transportation and deposition of earth materials.
∆RUNNING WATER
∆GLACIAL ICE
∆ WIND
∆WAVES
∆RIVERS
Answer:
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River
Rivers generally originate from the mountains or hills. Rivers are the most powerful agent of gradation. It has three basic functions, namely erosional, depositional and transportation. The river has three stages from its origin till it reaches the ocean. The upper course, the middle course and the lower course. The river has different amount of water in different seasons it depending upon its sources. Some rivers have water in them through out the year and some rivers do not water in them during the dry season. These rivers are called perennial and non-perennial respectably.
Glacial
Glaciers are large mass of slow moving ice. They occur in two places 1) Polar Regions and 2) High altitudes above the permanent snowline. The permanent snow line decreases from the equator towards the poles. The glaciers are of two types continental glacier and the mountain glacier. The continental glacier occurs in the polar region. The mountain glacier occurs in the high altitudes above the permanent snowline.
Mountain Glaciers: -
Mountain glaciers are found in high altitudes such as the Himalayas and the Alps. In such regions ice and snow accumulate and due to its pressure glaciers are formed. These glaciers move down the valley causing erosion, transportation and deposition. The features made by a glacier are cirques, U-shaped valley and moraines.
Cirques: -
Cirque is an armchair-shaped hollow scooped out by ice. It is one of the most common feature of glaciated uplands. Cirques are hollows with steep sides and a relatively flat basin-shaped floor. The ice accumulates in such basins. Cirques generally enlarge owing to weathering of rocks along the edges. Cirques are observed in mountain region which were once covered with glaciers.
U-shaped Valley: -
U-shaped valley is a huge broad valley carved out by a glacier. Over thousands of years , glaciers carve out huge troughs which deepen, widen and straighten the existing river valley. Unlike V-shaped river valleys they form a distinctive wide U-shape.
Moraine: -
Moraines are piles of boulders, rocks, pebbles and clay. When a glacier melts away in the warmer lower slopes all the material carried by it gets deposited. Moraine are also formed when the glacier stops temporarily.
Wind.
Wind is a stream of air moving from one place to another. Air on the surface of the ground always moves from areas of high pressure to area of low pressure. This movement carries the sand particles and the dust particles with it. These particles are carried hundreds of kilometers away and are deposited there. The main features made by wind are sand dune, mushroom rock and loess.
Wave.
Waves are a regular undulation of the sea's surface. Wind blowing across the sea whips the water's surface into ripples. If the water is strong enough and blows far enough over the water, the ripples build up into waves. The size of the wave depends on the strength of the wind as well as the distance the wind carries it. The action of waves as agent of gradation is limited to the showers. The waves work only in the narrow zone of contact of the land and the sea. The main features made by the waves are cliffs, beaches and sandbars.