EXPLAIN ANY 20 ELEMENTS OF PERIODIC TABLE
Answers
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a nonmetallic, colorless gas under ordinary conditions. Under extreme pressure, it becomes an alkali metal. There are three isotopes of this element, which differ in the number of neutrons in their atoms. The most common isotope is protium. The others are deuterium and tritium.
Atomic Number: 1
Symbol: H
Atomic Mass: 1.008
Electron Configuration: 1s1
Group: group 1, s-block, nonmetal
Helium
Helium is a light, colorless gas.
Atomic Number: 2
Symbol: He
Atomic Mass: 4.002602(2)
Electron Configuration: 1s2
Group: group 18, s-block, noble gas
Lithium
Lithium is a reactive silver solid metal.
Atomic Number: 3
Symbol: Li
Atomic Mass: 6.94 (6.938–6.997)
Electron Configuration: [He] 2s1
Group: group 1, s-block, alkali metal
Beryllium
Beryllium is a shiny gray-white solid metal.
Atomic Number: 4
Symbol: Be
Atomic Mass: 9.0121831(5)
Electron Configuration: [He] 2s2
Group: group 2, s-block, alkaline earth metal
Boron
Boron is a gray solid with a metallic luster.
Atomic Number: 5
Symbol: B
Atomic Mass: 10.81 (10.806–10.821)
Electron Configuration: [He] 2s2 2p1
Group: group 13, p-block, metalloid
Carbon
Carbon is a solid that takes several forms, include diamond, graphite, and amorphous carbon. It is black, gray, or colorless.
Atomic Number: 6
Symbol: C
Atomic Mass: 12.011 (12.0096–12.0116)
Electron Configuration: [He] 2s2 2p2
Group: group 14, p-block, usually a nonmetal although sometimes considered a metalloid
Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a colorless gas.
Atomic Number: 7
Symbol: N
Atomic Mass: 14.007
Electron Configuration: [He] 2s2 2p3
Group: group 15 (pnictogens), p-block, nonmetal
Oxygen
Oxygen is a colorless gas. Its liquid form is blue, while its solid takes many colors, including red, metallic, and black.
Atomic Number: 8
Symbol: O
Atomic Mass: 15.999 or 16.00
Electron Configuration: [He] 2s2 2p4
Group: group 16 (chalcogens), p-block, nonmetal
Fluorine
Fluorine is a pale yellow gas and liquid and bright yellow solid.
Atomic Number: 9
Symbol: F
Atomic Mass: 18.998403163(6)
Electron Configuration: [He] 2s2 2p5
Group: group 17, p-block, halogen
Neon
Neon is a colorless gas that emits an orange-red glow when excited in an electric field.
Atomic Number: 10
Symbol: Ne
Atomic Mass: 20.1797(6)
Electron Configuration: [He] 2s2 2p6
Group: group 18, p-block, noble gas
Sodium
Sodium is a soft, silvery-white solid metal.
Atomic Number: 11
Symbol: Na
Atomic Mass: 22.98976928(2)
Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s1
Group: group 1, s-block, alkali metal
Magnesium
Magnesium is a shiny gray solid metal.
Atomic Number: 12
Symbol: Mg
Atomic Mass: 24.305
Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2
Group: group 2, s-block, alkaline earth metal
Aluminum
Aluminum is a soft, silver-colored, nonmagnetic metal.
Atomic Number: 13
Symbol: Al
Atomic Mass: 26.9815385(7)
Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p1
Group: group 13, p-block, considered a post-transition metal or sometimes a metalloid
Silicon
Silicon is a hard, blue-gray crystalline solid that has a metallic luster.
Atomic Number: 14
Symbol: Si
Atomic Mass: 28.085
Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p2
Group: group 14 (carbon group), p-block, metalloid
Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a solid under ordinary conditions, but it takes several forms. The most common are white phosphorus and red phosphorus.
Atomic Number: 15
Symbol: P
Atomic Mass: 30.973761998(5)
Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p3
Group: group 15 (pnictogens), p-block, usually considered a nonmetal, but sometimes a metalloid
Sulfur
Sulfur is a yellow solid, usually found as a crystal or powder.
Atomic Number: 16
Symbol: S
Atomic Mass: 32.06
Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p4
Group: group 16 (chalcogens), p-block, nonmetal
Chlorine
Chlorine is a pale yellow-green gas under ordinary conditions. Its liquid form is bright yellow.
Atomic Number: 17
Symbol: Cl
Atomic Mass: 35.45
Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p5
Group: group 17, p-block, halogen
Argon
Argon is a colorless gas, liquid, and solid. It is a gas under ordinary conditions. It emits a bright lilac-purple glow when excited in an electric field.
Atomic Number: 18
Symbol: Ar
Atomic Mass: 39.948(1)
Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p6
Group: group 18, p-block, noble gas
Potassium
Potassium is a reactive, silvery solid metal.
Atomic Number: 19
Symbol: K
Atomic Mass: 39.0983(1)
Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s1
Group: group 1, s-block, alkali metal
Calcium
Calcium is a dull silver solid metal with a faint yellowish cast.
Atomic Number: 20
Symbol: Ca
Atomic Mass: 40.078(4)
Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2
Group: group 2, s-block, alkaline earth metal
Hydrogen
Symbol: H
Atomic Weight: 1.008
Description: Hydrogen is an explosive gas and also the lightest element.
Where It's Used: Hydrogen makes up about 90% of atoms in the entire universe. The chemical is used heavily as both a gas and liquid fuel. Hydrogen was used as a main fuel for the space shuttle program by NASA as well as currently being used heavily by the petroleum and manufacturing industries.
Supporting Video:
Helium
Symbol: He
Atomic Weight: 4.002602(2)
Description: Helium is an inert gas and the second-lightest element.
Where It's Used: Helium gas is commonly known to be lighter than air, which leads to its use in weather and party balloons. It is also used as an inert shield for arc welding and to pressurize liquid fuel tanks in rockets. Due to its wide recreational usage, natural sources of Helium are at risk of being completely depleted in the next decade, sparking fears for the scientific community.
Lithium
Symbol: Li
Atomic Weight: 6.94
Description: Lithium is the lightest metal and is soft and reactive.
Where It's Used: Lithium is known most commonly to be used in batteries. It is also used in aluminum alloys, to make cookware more durable, and most surprisingly, as a mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder.
Beryllium
Symbol: Be
Atomic Weight: 9.012183(5)
Description: Beryllium is a lightweight metal.
Where It's Used: This element is most commonly used as an alloying agent for copper. When combined, the resultant metal, beryllium copper, is used for springs and a variety of electrical applications. Due to its lightweight metal properties, it is used structurally in the aerospace industries.
Boron
Symbol: B
Atomic Weight: 10.81
Description: Boron is a hard black solid.
Where It's Used: Boron is used in pyrotechnics. When burned, it gives off a green color in the flame. More common uses are in boric acid and borax. You can find boron in antiseptics, washing chemicals, ceramic glazes, and eye drops.
Carbon
Symbol: C
Atomic Weight: 12.011
Description: Carbon can form different lattices like hard diamond or soft graphite.
Where It's Used: Carbon is the basis for the world's natural organic fuels such as natural gas, coal, and oil. Graphite, a strong molecular form of carbon is used for pencils, crucibles, and electrodes. Pure diamond is also entirely made out of carbon atoms. Another common application of the element is carbon nanotubes. Throughout all of its forms, Carbon's ability to form incredibly strong lattice elemental structures make it perfect for structural applications.
Supporting Video:
Nitrogen
Symbol: N
Atomic Weight: 14.007
Description: Nitrogen is a colorless gas.
Where It's Used: 78 percent of Earth's entire atmosphere is made up of nitrogen. The element is significant to the chemical industry as it is a key nutrient in fertilizers and a key component in nitric acid, nylon, and explosive materials. The Haber process is a famous method of reacting nitrogen with hydrogen to create ammonia.
Oxygen
Symbol: O
Atomic Weight: 15.999
Description: Oxygen is a colorless gas.
Where It's Used: Oxygen is the most important element to human's survival. Pure oxygen is used to treat breathing problems and make spacecraft livable. Oxygen in industry is mainly used in the manufacturing of steel and other metal alloys.
Fluorine
Symbol: Fl
Atomic Weight: 18.998403163(6)
Description: Fluorine is a yellowish poison gas and the most reactive element.
Where It's Used: Fluorine is a common additive to drinking water and is used as a cleaning agent in toothpaste. In pop culture, hydrofluoric acid was used as a dissolving agent in the popular TV show "Breaking Bad." The chemical can dissolve glass and is used mainly as an etching compound.
Neon
Symbol: Ne
Atomic Weight: 20.1797(6)
Description: Neon is an inert gas.
Where It's Used: Neon is the fourth most abundant element in the entire universe. By far the most prominent use of the element is used in advertising signs. When enticed with electricity, the glass commonly glows, leading to its use in the respective sign industry as well as high-voltage indicators and lasers.
Sodium
Symbol: Na
Atomic Weight: 22.98976928(2)
Description: Sodium is a very reactive soft metal.
Where It's Used: Sodium is used in streetlights to produce yellow light as well as being a component in many compounds like table salt, soda ash, borax, and baking soda.
Magnesium
Symbol: Mg
Atomic Weight: 24.305
Description: Magnesium is a lightweight metal.
Where It's Used: Magnesium finds many of its uses in medicine as Epsom salts, milk of magnesia, chloride, and citrate. Magnesium is also essential to both animal and plant life.
Supporting Video:
Aluminum
Symbol: Al
Atomic Weight: 26.9815385
Description: Aluminum is a lightweight non-corroding metal.
Where It's Used: Aluminum is a soft and malleable metal that has uses in cans and fouls, utensils, airplane and automotive parts, and other structural applications.
Silicon
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