Explain any 5 factors which influence industrial location.
(cbse class 10 sst question paper 2011/13)
Answers
The location of manufacturing industries depends on a number of physical and socio economic factors.
1.NEARNESS TO THE SOURCE OF RAW MATERIAL: Large quantities of raw materials are needed for industries. Therefore industries are located near the source of raw materials. It saves the cost of transportation.Steel centres are developed where coal and iron are easily available. Jute mills in West Bengal and the cotton textile mills in Maharashtra are located due to the availability of raw materials.
2.POWER RESOURCES: Coal, oil and water power are the main sources of power. Most of the industries are located near coal fields. Aluminium industries and paper industries are located near hydroelectric stations.
3.MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION: Modern Industries need cheap, developed and quick means of transportation. Cheap means of transportation are required for the movement of workers, raw materials and machinery to the factories.
4.CLIMATE: Stimulating climate increase the efficiency of the labourers. The cotton textile industry required humid climate. The film industry needs good weather with clear blue skies. Similarly the aircraft industry also needs clear weather.
5.SKILLED LABOUR: cheap and Skilled labour is essential for the location of industries. Glass industry at Firozabad and the sports goods industry in Jalandhar are located due to the availability of Skilled labour.
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Answer:
The factors affecting the location of industry are grouped into physical and human factors.
Physical Factors:
(i) Availability of Raw materials The factory needs to be close to the location of raw material if they are heavy and bulky to transport. For example, iron and steel industry is located near the source of raw material.
(ii) Water Source
Water is an important factor that determines the location of industries. Water is required for various industrial processes. River water and waterfalls can also be used to generate hydroelectricity.
(iii) Climate Climate plays a significant role in establishment of industries. Harsh climate is not much suitable for industries. Extremely hot, humid, dry or cold climate is not very conducive for industries. For example, cotton textile industry requires humid climate because thread breaks in dry climate.
Human Factors:
(i) Labour A large and cheap labour force is required for labour-intensive and manufacturing industries. High-tech industries have to be located where suitable skilled workers are available.
(ii) Capital This is the money that is invested to start a business. The amount of capital will determine the size and location of the factor.
(iii) Government Policies Industrial development is encouraged in some areas and restricted in others. Industries that are located in depressed areas may receive financial incentives and assistance from the government in the form of low rent and tax rates.
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